Linux Cubed Series 7: Sunsite

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
/ Linux Cubed Series 7: Sunsite / Linux Cubed Series 7 - Sunsite Vol 1.iso / system / network / base / tcp_wrap.4 / tcp_wrap
Tape Archive | 1996-04-05 | 344.0 KB
open in:
MacOS 8.1 extracted |
Win98 extracted |
DOS extracted
view JSON data |
view as text

This file was processed as: Tape Archive (archive/tar).

You can browse this item here: tcp_wrap
Confidence	Program	Detection	Match Type	Support
`100%`	dexvert	Tape Archive `(archive/tar)`	magic	Supported
`100%`	file	tar archive	default
`99%`	file	tar archive (V7), file tcp_wrappers_7.4/, mode 755 , uid 465 , gid 506 , size 0 , seconds 6131216504	default
`98%`	file	data	default
`100%`	siegfried	x-fmt/265 Tape Archive Format	default
`100%`	lsar	Tar	default
`100%`	gt2	Kopftext: 'tcp_wrappers_7.4/'	default (weak)
`100%`	disktype	Pre-POSIX tar archive	default
hex view
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 74 63 70 5f 77 72 61 70 | 70 65 72 73 5f 37 2e 34 |tcp_wrap|pers_7.4|
|00000010| 2f 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |/.......|........|
|00000020| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000030| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000040| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000050| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000060| 00 00 00 00 20 20 20 37 | 35 35 20 00 20 20 20 34 |....   7|55 .   4|
|00000070| 36 35 20 00 20 20 20 35 | 30 36 20 00 20 20 20 20 |65 .   5|06 .    |
|00000080| 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 20 | 20 36 31 33 31 32 31 36 |      0 | 6131216|
|00000090| 35 30 34 20 20 20 37 31 | 35 31 00 20 00 00 00 00 |504   71|51. ....|
|000000a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000000b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000000c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000000d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000000e0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000000f0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000100| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000110| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000120| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000130| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000140| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000150| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000160| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000170| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000180| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000190| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000001a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000001b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000001c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000001d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000001e0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000001f0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000200| 74 63 70 5f 77 72 61 70 | 70 65 72 73 5f 37 2e 34 |tcp_wrap|pers_7.4|
|00000210| 2f 52 45 41 44 4d 45 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |/README.|........|
|00000220| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000230| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000240| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000250| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000260| 00 00 00 00 20 20 20 34 | 34 34 20 00 20 20 20 34 |....   4|44 .   4|
|00000270| 36 35 20 00 20 20 20 35 | 30 36 20 00 20 20 20 20 |65 .   5|06 .    |
|00000280| 20 31 33 35 33 37 30 20 | 20 36 31 32 33 35 35 30 | 135370 | 6123550|
|00000290| 34 35 37 20 20 31 30 31 | 37 36 00 20 00 00 00 00 |457  101|76. ....|
|000002a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000002b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000002c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000002d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000002e0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000002f0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000300| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000310| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000320| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000330| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000340| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000350| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000360| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000370| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000380| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000390| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000003a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000003b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000003c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000003d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000003e0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000003f0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000400| 40 28 23 29 20 52 45 41 | 44 4d 45 20 31 2e 32 38 |@(#) REA|DME 1.28|
|00000410| 20 39 36 2f 30 33 2f 31 | 39 20 31 36 3a 32 32 3a | 96/03/1|9 16:22:|
|00000420| 32 31 0a 0a 54 68 69 73 | 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 |21..This| is the |
|00000430| 37 2e 34 20 76 65 72 73 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 |7.4 vers|ion of t|
|00000440| 68 65 20 54 43 50 2f 49 | 50 20 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e |he TCP/I|P daemon|
|00000450| 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 | 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 | wrapper| package|
|00000460| 2e 0a 0a 54 68 61 6e 6b | 20 79 6f 75 20 66 6f 72 |...Thank| you for|
|00000470| 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 67 | using t|his prog|
|00000480| 72 61 6d 2e 20 49 66 20 | 79 6f 75 20 6c 69 6b 65 |ram. If |you like|
|00000490| 20 69 74 2c 20 73 65 6e | 64 20 6d 65 20 61 20 70 | it, sen|d me a p|
|000004a0| 6f 73 74 63 61 72 64 2e | 0a 4d 79 20 70 6f 73 74 |ostcard.|.My post|
|000004b0| 61 6c 20 61 64 64 72 65 | 73 73 20 69 73 20 61 74 |al addre|ss is at|
|000004c0| 20 74 68 65 20 62 6f 74 | 74 6f 6d 20 6f 66 20 74 | the bot|tom of t|
|000004d0| 68 69 73 20 66 69 6c 65 | 2e 0a 0a 52 65 61 64 20 |his file|...Read |
|000004e0| 74 68 65 20 42 4c 55 52 | 42 20 66 69 6c 65 20 66 |the BLUR|B file f|
|000004f0| 6f 72 20 61 20 62 72 69 | 65 66 20 73 75 6d 6d 61 |or a bri|ef summa|
|00000500| 72 79 20 6f 66 20 77 68 | 61 74 20 69 73 20 6e 65 |ry of wh|at is ne|
|00000510| 77 2e 20 54 68 65 20 43 | 48 41 4e 47 45 53 0a 66 |w. The C|HANGES.f|
|00000520| 69 6c 65 20 67 69 76 65 | 73 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 70 |ile give|s a comp|
|00000530| 6c 65 74 65 20 61 63 63 | 6f 75 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 |lete acc|ount of |
|00000540| 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e | 63 65 73 20 77 69 74 68 |differen|ces with|
|00000550| 20 72 65 73 70 65 63 74 | 20 74 6f 20 70 72 65 76 | respect| to prev|
|00000560| 69 6f 75 73 0a 72 65 6c | 65 61 73 65 73 2e 0a 0a |ious.rel|eases...|
|00000570| 41 6e 6e 6f 75 6e 63 65 | 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 6f 66 |Announce|ments of|
|00000580| 20 6e 65 77 20 72 65 6c | 65 61 73 65 73 20 6f 66 | new rel|eases of|
|00000590| 20 74 68 69 73 20 73 6f | 66 74 77 61 72 65 20 61 | this so|ftware a|
|000005a0| 72 65 20 70 6f 73 74 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 55 73 65 |re poste|d to Use|
|000005b0| 6e 65 74 0a 28 63 6f 6d | 70 2e 73 65 63 75 72 69 |net.(com|p.securi|
|000005c0| 74 79 2e 75 6e 69 78 2c | 20 63 6f 6d 70 2e 75 6e |ty.unix,| comp.un|
|000005d0| 69 78 2e 61 64 6d 69 6e | 29 2c 20 74 6f 20 74 68 |ix.admin|), to th|
|000005e0| 65 20 63 65 72 74 2d 74 | 6f 6f 6c 73 20 6d 61 69 |e cert-t|ools mai|
|000005f0| 6c 69 6e 67 20 6c 69 73 | 74 2c 0a 61 6e 64 20 74 |ling lis|t,.and t|
|00000600| 6f 20 61 20 64 65 64 69 | 63 61 74 65 64 20 6d 61 |o a dedi|cated ma|
|00000610| 69 6c 69 6e 67 20 6c 69 | 73 74 2e 20 20 59 6f 75 |iling li|st.  You|
|00000620| 20 63 61 6e 20 73 75 62 | 73 63 72 69 62 65 20 74 | can sub|scribe t|
|00000630| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 | 64 69 63 61 74 65 64 0a |o the de|dicated.|
|00000640| 6d 61 69 6c 69 6e 67 20 | 6c 69 73 74 20 62 79 20 |mailing |list by |
|00000650| 73 65 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 | 61 6e 20 65 6d 61 69 6c |sending |an email|
|00000660| 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 | 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 6a 6f | message| to majo|
|00000670| 72 64 6f 6d 6f 40 77 7a | 76 2e 77 69 6e 2e 74 75 |rdomo@wz|v.win.tu|
|00000680| 65 2e 6e 6c 0a 77 69 74 | 68 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |e.nl.wit|h in the|
|00000690| 20 62 6f 64 79 20 28 6e | 6f 74 20 73 75 62 6a 65 | body (n|ot subje|
|000006a0| 63 74 29 3a 20 20 73 75 | 62 73 63 72 69 62 65 20 |ct):  su|bscribe |
|000006b0| 74 63 70 2d 77 72 61 70 | 70 65 72 73 2d 61 6e 6e |tcp-wrap|pers-ann|
|000006c0| 6f 75 6e 63 65 2e 0a 0a | 54 61 62 6c 65 20 6f 66 |ounce...|Table of|
|000006d0| 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 | 73 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | content|s.------|
|000006e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a 20 20 20 |--------|---..   |
|000006f0| 20 31 20 2d 20 49 6e 74 | 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 6f | 1 - Int|roductio|
|00000700| 6e 0a 20 20 20 20 32 20 | 2d 20 44 69 73 63 6c 61 |n.    2 |- Discla|
|00000710| 69 6d 65 72 0a 20 20 20 | 20 33 20 2d 20 54 75 74 |imer.   | 3 - Tut|
|00000720| 6f 72 69 61 6c 73 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |orials. |        |
|00000730| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 33 | 2e 31 20 2d 20 48 6f 77 |       3|.1 - How|
|00000740| 20 69 74 20 77 6f 72 6b | 73 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 | it work|s.      |
|00000750| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 33 2e 32 20 2d 20 |        |  3.2 - |
|00000760| 57 68 65 72 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e |Where th|e loggin|
|00000770| 67 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 67 6f |g inform|ation go|
|00000780| 65 73 0a 20 20 20 20 34 | 20 2d 20 46 65 61 74 75 |es.    4| - Featu|
|00000790| 72 65 73 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |res.    |        |
|000007a0| 20 20 20 20 34 2e 31 20 | 2d 20 41 63 63 65 73 73 |    4.1 |- Access|
|000007b0| 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | control|.       |
|000007c0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 34 2e 32 20 2d 20 48 |        | 4.2 - H|
|000007d0| 6f 73 74 20 6e 61 6d 65 | 20 73 70 6f 6f 66 69 6e |ost name| spoofin|
|000007e0| 67 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |g.      |        |
|000007f0| 20 20 34 2e 33 20 2d 20 | 48 6f 73 74 20 61 64 64 |  4.3 - |Host add|
|00000800| 72 65 73 73 20 73 70 6f | 6f 66 69 6e 67 0a 20 20 |ress spo|ofing.  |
|00000810| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 34 2e |        |      4.|
|00000820| 34 20 2d 20 43 6c 69 65 | 6e 74 20 75 73 65 72 6e |4 - Clie|nt usern|
|00000830| 61 6d 65 20 6c 6f 6f 6b | 75 70 73 0a 20 20 20 20 |ame look|ups.    |
|00000840| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 34 2e 35 20 |        |    4.5 |
|00000850| 2d 20 4c 61 6e 67 75 61 | 67 65 20 65 78 74 65 6e |- Langua|ge exten|
|00000860| 73 69 6f 6e 73 0a 09 09 | 34 2e 36 20 2d 20 4d 75 |sions...|4.6 - Mu|
|00000870| 6c 74 69 70 6c 65 20 66 | 74 70 2f 67 6f 70 68 65 |ltiple f|tp/gophe|
|00000880| 72 2f 77 77 77 20 61 72 | 63 68 69 76 65 73 20 6f |r/www ar|chives o|
|00000890| 6e 20 6f 6e 65 20 68 6f | 73 74 0a 09 09 34 2e 37 |n one ho|st...4.7|
|000008a0| 20 2d 20 42 61 6e 6e 65 | 72 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 | - Banne|r messag|
|000008b0| 65 73 0a 09 09 34 2e 38 | 20 2d 20 53 65 71 75 65 |es...4.8| - Seque|
|000008c0| 6e 63 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 | 65 72 20 67 75 65 73 73 |nce numb|er guess|
|000008d0| 69 6e 67 0a 20 20 20 20 | 35 20 2d 20 4f 74 68 65 |ing.    |5 - Othe|
|000008e0| 72 20 77 6f 72 6b 73 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |r works.|        |
|000008f0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 35 2e 31 20 2d 20 52 65 |        |5.1 - Re|
|00000900| 6c 61 74 65 64 20 64 6f | 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 0a |lated do|cuments.|
|00000910| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00000920| 35 2e 32 20 2d 20 52 65 | 6c 61 74 65 64 20 73 6f |5.2 - Re|lated so|
|00000930| 66 74 77 61 72 65 0a 20 | 20 20 20 36 20 2d 20 4c |ftware. |   6 - L|
|00000940| 69 6d 69 74 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |imitatio|ns.     |
|00000950| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 36 2e 31 20 2d |        |   6.1 -|
|00000960| 20 4b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 77 | 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 6c | Known w|rapper l|
|00000970| 69 6d 69 74 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |imitatio|ns.     |
|00000980| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 36 2e 32 20 2d |        |   6.2 -|
|00000990| 20 4b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 73 | 79 73 74 65 6d 20 73 6f | Known s|ystem so|
|000009a0| 66 74 77 61 72 65 20 62 | 75 67 73 0a 20 20 20 20 |ftware b|ugs.    |
|000009b0| 37 20 2d 20 43 6f 6e 66 | 69 67 75 72 61 74 69 6f |7 - Conf|iguratio|
|000009c0| 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 69 6e | 73 74 61 6c 6c 61 74 69 |n and in|stallati|
|000009d0| 6f 6e 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |on.     |        |
|000009e0| 20 20 20 37 2e 31 20 2d | 20 45 61 73 79 20 63 6f |   7.1 -| Easy co|
|000009f0| 6e 66 69 67 75 72 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 |nfigurat|ion and |
|00000a00| 69 6e 73 74 61 6c 6c 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 0a 20 20 20 |installa|tion.   |
|00000a10| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 37 2e 32 |        |     7.2|
|00000a20| 20 2d 20 41 64 76 61 6e | 63 65 64 20 63 6f 6e 66 | - Advan|ced conf|
|00000a30| 69 67 75 72 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 69 6e |iguratio|n and in|
|00000a40| 73 74 61 6c 6c 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |stallati|on.     |
|00000a50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 37 2e 33 20 2d |        |   7.3 -|
|00000a60| 20 44 61 65 6d 6f 6e 73 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 72 | Daemons| with ar|
|00000a70| 62 69 74 72 61 72 79 20 | 70 61 74 68 20 6e 61 6d |bitrary |path nam|
|00000a80| 65 73 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |es.     |        |
|00000a90| 20 20 20 37 2e 34 20 2d | 20 42 75 69 6c 64 69 6e |   7.4 -| Buildin|
|00000aa0| 67 20 61 6e 64 20 74 65 | 73 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |g and te|sting th|
|00000ab0| 65 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 | 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c |e access| control|
|00000ac0| 20 72 75 6c 65 73 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | rules. |        |
|00000ad0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 37 | 2e 35 20 2d 20 4f 74 68 |       7|.5 - Oth|
|00000ae0| 65 72 20 61 70 70 6c 69 | 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 0a |er appli|cations.|
|00000af0| 20 20 20 20 38 20 2d 20 | 41 63 6b 6e 6f 77 6c 65 |    8 - |Acknowle|
|00000b00| 64 67 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 | 0a 0a 31 20 2d 20 49 6e |dgements|..1 - In|
|00000b10| 74 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |troducti|on.-----|
|00000b20| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a 57 69 74 |--------|---..Wit|
|00000b30| 68 20 74 68 69 73 20 70 | 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 79 |h this p|ackage y|
|00000b40| 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 6d | 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 61 |ou can m|onitor a|
|00000b50| 6e 64 20 66 69 6c 74 65 | 72 20 69 6e 63 6f 6d 69 |nd filte|r incomi|
|00000b60| 6e 67 20 72 65 71 75 65 | 73 74 73 20 66 6f 72 20 |ng reque|sts for |
|00000b70| 74 68 65 0a 53 59 53 54 | 41 54 2c 20 46 49 4e 47 |the.SYST|AT, FING|
|00000b80| 45 52 2c 20 46 54 50 2c | 20 54 45 4c 4e 45 54 2c |ER, FTP,| TELNET,|
|00000b90| 20 52 4c 4f 47 49 4e 2c | 20 52 53 48 2c 20 45 58 | RLOGIN,| RSH, EX|
|00000ba0| 45 43 2c 20 54 46 54 50 | 2c 20 54 41 4c 4b 2c 20 |EC, TFTP|, TALK, |
|00000bb0| 61 6e 64 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 0a 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 |and othe|r.networ|
|00000bc0| 6b 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 | 65 73 2e 0a 0a 49 74 20 |k servic|es...It |
|00000bd0| 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 73 | 20 62 6f 74 68 20 34 2e |supports| both 4.|
|00000be0| 33 42 53 44 2d 73 74 79 | 6c 65 20 73 6f 63 6b 65 |3BSD-sty|le socke|
|00000bf0| 74 73 20 61 6e 64 20 53 | 79 73 74 65 6d 20 56 2e |ts and S|ystem V.|
|00000c00| 34 2d 73 74 79 6c 65 20 | 54 4c 49 2e 20 50 72 61 |4-style |TLI. Pra|
|00000c10| 69 73 65 0a 79 6f 75 72 | 73 65 6c 66 20 6c 75 63 |ise.your|self luc|
|00000c20| 6b 79 20 69 66 20 79 6f | 75 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 |ky if yo|u don't |
|00000c30| 6b 6e 6f 77 20 77 68 61 | 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 6d |know wha|t that m|
|00000c40| 65 61 6e 73 2e 0a 0a 54 | 68 65 20 70 61 63 6b 61 |eans...T|he packa|
|00000c50| 67 65 20 70 72 6f 76 69 | 64 65 73 20 74 69 6e 79 |ge provi|des tiny|
|00000c60| 20 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 | 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 | daemon |wrapper |
|00000c70| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 61 |programs| that ca|
|00000c80| 6e 20 62 65 20 69 6e 73 | 74 61 6c 6c 65 64 0a 77 |n be ins|talled.w|
|00000c90| 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 61 | 6e 79 20 63 68 61 6e 67 |ithout a|ny chang|
|00000ca0| 65 73 20 74 6f 20 65 78 | 69 73 74 69 6e 67 20 73 |es to ex|isting s|
|00000cb0| 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 20 | 6f 72 20 74 6f 20 65 78 |oftware |or to ex|
|00000cc0| 69 73 74 69 6e 67 20 63 | 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 72 61 |isting c|onfigura|
|00000cd0| 74 69 6f 6e 0a 66 69 6c | 65 73 2e 20 20 54 68 65 |tion.fil|es.  The|
|00000ce0| 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 | 73 20 72 65 70 6f 72 74 | wrapper|s report|
|00000cf0| 20 74 68 65 20 6e 61 6d | 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | the nam|e of the|
|00000d00| 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 | 68 6f 73 74 20 61 6e 64 | client |host and|
|00000d10| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 0a | 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 65 | of the.|requeste|
|00000d20| 64 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 | 65 3b 20 74 68 65 20 77 |d servic|e; the w|
|00000d30| 72 61 70 70 65 72 73 20 | 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 65 |rappers |do not e|
|00000d40| 78 63 68 61 6e 67 65 20 | 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 |xchange |informat|
|00000d50| 69 6f 6e 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 74 68 65 0a 63 6c 69 |ion with| the.cli|
|00000d60| 65 6e 74 20 6f 72 20 73 | 65 72 76 65 72 20 61 70 |ent or s|erver ap|
|00000d70| 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |plicatio|ns, and |
|00000d80| 69 6d 70 6f 73 65 20 6e | 6f 20 6f 76 65 72 68 65 |impose n|o overhe|
|00000d90| 61 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 63 74 75 61 6c |ad on th|e actual|
|00000da0| 0a 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 62 65 |.convers|ation be|
|00000db0| 74 77 65 65 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 |tween th|e client|
|00000dc0| 20 61 6e 64 20 73 65 72 | 76 65 72 20 61 70 70 6c | and ser|ver appl|
|00000dd0| 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 2e 0a 0a 4f 70 74 69 6f |ications|...Optio|
|00000de0| 6e 61 6c 20 66 65 61 74 | 75 72 65 73 20 61 72 65 |nal feat|ures are|
|00000df0| 3a 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 | 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c |: access| control|
|00000e00| 20 74 6f 20 72 65 73 74 | 72 69 63 74 20 77 68 61 | to rest|rict wha|
|00000e10| 74 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d | 73 20 63 61 6e 0a 63 6f |t system|s can.co|
|00000e20| 6e 6e 65 63 74 20 74 6f | 20 77 68 61 74 20 6e 65 |nnect to| what ne|
|00000e30| 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 64 61 | 65 6d 6f 6e 73 3b 20 63 |twork da|emons; c|
|00000e40| 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 75 73 | 65 72 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 |lient us|er name |
|00000e50| 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 70 73 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 |lookups |with the|
|00000e60| 20 52 46 43 0a 39 33 31 | 20 65 74 63 2e 20 70 72 | RFC.931| etc. pr|
|00000e70| 6f 74 6f 63 6f 6c 3b 20 | 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e |otocol; |addition|
|00000e80| 61 6c 20 70 72 6f 74 65 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 67 |al prote|ction ag|
|00000e90| 61 69 6e 73 74 20 68 6f | 73 74 73 20 74 68 61 74 |ainst ho|sts that|
|00000ea0| 20 70 72 65 74 65 6e 64 | 20 74 6f 0a 68 61 76 65 | pretend| to.have|
|00000eb0| 20 73 6f 6d 65 6f 6e 65 | 20 65 6c 73 65 73 20 68 | someone| elses h|
|00000ec0| 6f 73 74 20 6e 61 6d 65 | 3b 20 61 64 64 69 74 69 |ost name|; additi|
|00000ed0| 6f 6e 61 6c 20 70 72 6f | 74 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 |onal pro|tection |
|00000ee0| 61 67 61 69 6e 73 74 20 | 68 6f 73 74 73 20 74 68 |against |hosts th|
|00000ef0| 61 74 0a 70 72 65 74 65 | 6e 64 20 74 6f 20 68 61 |at.prete|nd to ha|
|00000f00| 76 65 20 73 6f 6d 65 6f | 6e 65 20 65 6c 73 65 73 |ve someo|ne elses|
|00000f10| 20 68 6f 73 74 20 61 64 | 64 72 65 73 73 2e 0a 0a | host ad|dress...|
|00000f20| 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 73 20 61 72 65 |The prog|rams are|
|00000f30| 20 76 65 72 79 20 70 6f | 72 74 61 62 6c 65 2e 20 | very po|rtable. |
|00000f40| 42 75 69 6c 64 20 70 72 | 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 73 |Build pr|ocedures|
|00000f50| 20 61 72 65 20 70 72 6f | 76 69 64 65 64 20 66 6f | are pro|vided fo|
|00000f60| 72 20 6d 61 6e 79 0a 63 | 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e 20 28 61 |r many.c|ommon (a|
|00000f70| 6e 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 73 | 6f 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e |nd not s|o common|
|00000f80| 29 20 65 6e 76 69 72 6f | 6e 6d 65 6e 74 73 2c 20 |) enviro|nments, |
|00000f90| 61 6e 64 20 67 75 69 64 | 65 6c 69 6e 65 73 20 61 |and guid|elines a|
|00000fa0| 72 65 20 70 72 6f 76 69 | 64 65 64 20 69 6e 0a 63 |re provi|ded in.c|
|00000fb0| 61 73 65 20 79 6f 75 72 | 20 65 6e 76 69 72 6f 6e |ase your| environ|
|00000fc0| 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 73 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 61 6d 6f 6e |ment is |not amon|
|00000fd0| 67 20 74 68 65 6d 2e 0a | 0a 52 65 71 75 69 72 65 |g them..|.Require|
|00000fe0| 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 6e |ments ar|e that n|
|00000ff0| 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 64 | 61 65 6d 6f 6e 73 20 61 |etwork d|aemons a|
|00001000| 72 65 20 73 70 61 77 6e | 65 64 20 62 79 20 61 20 |re spawn|ed by a |
|00001010| 73 75 70 65 72 20 73 65 | 72 76 65 72 0a 73 75 63 |super se|rver.suc|
|00001020| 68 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 69 6e 65 74 64 3b 20 |h as the| inetd; |
|00001030| 61 20 34 2e 33 42 53 44 | 2d 73 74 79 6c 65 20 73 |a 4.3BSD|-style s|
|00001040| 6f 63 6b 65 74 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e |ocket pr|ogrammin|
|00001050| 67 20 69 6e 74 65 72 66 | 61 63 65 20 61 6e 64 2f |g interf|ace and/|
|00001060| 6f 72 0a 53 79 73 74 65 | 6d 20 56 2e 34 2d 73 74 |or.Syste|m V.4-st|
|00001070| 79 6c 65 20 54 4c 49 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d |yle TLI |programm|
|00001080| 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 74 65 | 72 66 61 63 65 3b 20 61 |ing inte|rface; a|
|00001090| 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 61 | 76 61 69 6c 61 62 69 6c |nd the a|vailabil|
|000010a0| 69 74 79 20 6f 66 20 61 | 0a 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 28 |ity of a|.syslog(|
|000010b0| 33 29 20 6c 69 62 72 61 | 72 79 20 61 6e 64 20 6f |3) libra|ry and o|
|000010c0| 66 20 61 20 73 79 73 6c | 6f 67 64 28 38 29 20 64 |f a sysl|ogd(8) d|
|000010d0| 61 65 6d 6f 6e 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 77 72 61 70 |aemon.  |The wrap|
|000010e0| 70 65 72 73 20 73 68 6f | 75 6c 64 20 72 75 6e 0a |pers sho|uld run.|
|000010f0| 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 | 6d 6f 64 69 66 69 63 61 |without |modifica|
|00001100| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 6e 20 | 61 6e 79 20 73 79 73 74 |tion on |any syst|
|00001110| 65 6d 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 73 61 74 69 73 66 69 65 |em that |satisfie|
|00001120| 73 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 | 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 6d |s these |requirem|
|00001130| 65 6e 74 73 2e 0a 57 6f | 72 6b 61 72 6f 75 6e 64 |ents..Wo|rkaround|
|00001140| 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 | 65 65 6e 20 69 6d 70 6c |s have b|een impl|
|00001150| 65 6d 65 6e 74 65 64 20 | 66 6f 72 20 73 65 76 65 |emented |for seve|
|00001160| 72 61 6c 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 6f 6e 20 62 75 67 73 20 |ral comm|on bugs |
|00001170| 69 6e 20 73 79 73 74 65 | 6d 73 0a 73 6f 66 74 77 |in syste|ms.softw|
|00001180| 61 72 65 2e 0a 0a 57 68 | 61 74 20 74 6f 20 64 6f |are...Wh|at to do|
|00001190| 20 69 66 20 74 68 69 73 | 20 69 73 20 79 6f 75 72 | if this| is your|
|000011a0| 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 65 | 6e 63 6f 75 6e 74 65 72 | first e|ncounter|
|000011b0| 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 | 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 | with th|e wrappe|
|000011c0| 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 | 6d 73 3a 0a 31 29 20 72 |r progra|ms:.1) r|
|000011d0| 65 61 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 74 75 74 6f 72 69 61 6c |ead the |tutorial|
|000011e0| 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 66 6f 72 20 61 6e | section|s for an|
|000011f0| 20 69 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f | introdu|ction to|
|00001200| 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 6c | 65 76 61 6e 74 0a 63 6f | the rel|evant.co|
|00001210| 6e 63 65 70 74 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 65 72 6d 69 |ncepts a|nd termi|
|00001220| 6e 6f 6c 6f 67 79 3b 20 | 32 29 20 67 6c 61 6e 63 |nology; |2) glanc|
|00001230| 65 20 6f 76 65 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 65 63 75 72 |e over t|he secur|
|00001240| 69 74 79 20 66 65 61 74 | 75 72 65 20 73 65 63 74 |ity feat|ure sect|
|00001250| 69 6f 6e 73 0a 69 6e 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 64 6f 63 |ions.in |this doc|
|00001260| 75 6d 65 6e 74 3b 20 33 | 29 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 |ument; 3|) follow|
|00001270| 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 73 | 74 61 6c 6c 61 74 69 6f | the ins|tallatio|
|00001280| 6e 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 28 |n instru|ctions (|
|00001290| 65 61 73 79 20 6f 72 0a | 61 64 76 61 6e 63 65 64 |easy or.|advanced|
|000012a0| 29 2e 20 49 20 72 65 63 | 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 64 20 74 |). I rec|ommend t|
|000012b0| 68 61 74 20 79 6f 75 20 | 66 69 72 73 74 20 75 73 |hat you |first us|
|000012c0| 65 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 | 66 61 75 6c 74 20 73 65 |e the de|fault se|
|000012d0| 63 75 72 69 74 79 20 66 | 65 61 74 75 72 65 0a 73 |curity f|eature.s|
|000012e0| 65 74 74 69 6e 67 73 2e | 20 20 52 75 6e 20 74 68 |ettings.|  Run th|
|000012f0| 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 | 72 73 20 66 6f 72 20 61 |e wrappe|rs for a|
|00001300| 20 66 65 77 20 64 61 79 | 73 20 74 6f 20 62 65 63 | few day|s to bec|
|00001310| 6f 6d 65 20 66 61 6d 69 | 6c 69 61 72 20 77 69 74 |ome fami|liar wit|
|00001320| 68 0a 74 68 65 69 72 20 | 6c 6f 67 73 2c 20 62 65 |h.their |logs, be|
|00001330| 66 6f 72 65 20 64 6f 69 | 6e 67 20 61 6e 79 74 68 |fore doi|ng anyth|
|00001340| 69 6e 67 20 64 72 61 73 | 74 69 63 20 73 75 63 68 |ing dras|tic such|
|00001350| 20 61 73 20 63 75 74 74 | 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 66 20 | as cutt|ing off |
|00001360| 61 63 63 65 73 73 20 6f | 72 0a 69 6e 73 74 61 6c |access o|r.instal|
|00001370| 6c 69 6e 67 20 62 6f 6f | 62 79 20 74 72 61 70 73 |ling boo|by traps|
|00001380| 2e 0a 0a 32 20 2d 20 44 | 69 73 63 6c 61 69 6d 65 |...2 - D|isclaime|
|00001390| 72 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |r.------|--------|
|000013a0| 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 77 72 | 61 70 70 65 72 20 70 72 |..The wr|apper pr|
|000013b0| 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 72 | 65 6c 79 20 6f 6e 20 73 |ograms r|ely on s|
|000013c0| 6f 75 72 63 65 20 61 64 | 64 72 65 73 73 20 69 6e |ource ad|dress in|
|000013d0| 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 6f 62 74 61 69 6e |formatio|n obtain|
|000013e0| 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 0a | 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 |ed from.|network |
|000013f0| 70 61 63 6b 65 74 73 2e | 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 6e |packets.| This in|
|00001400| 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 69 73 20 70 72 6f |formatio|n is pro|
|00001410| 76 69 64 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 74 68 65 20 63 6c 69 |vided by| the cli|
|00001420| 65 6e 74 20 68 6f 73 74 | 2e 20 49 74 20 69 73 0a |ent host|. It is.|
|00001430| 6e 6f 74 20 31 30 30 20 | 70 65 72 63 65 6e 74 20 |not 100 |percent |
|00001440| 72 65 6c 69 61 62 6c 65 | 2c 20 61 6c 74 68 6f 75 |reliable|, althou|
|00001450| 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 72 61 70 70 65 72 73 20 |gh the w|rappers |
|00001460| 64 6f 20 74 68 65 69 72 | 20 62 65 73 74 20 74 6f |do their| best to|
|00001470| 20 65 78 70 6f 73 65 0a | 66 6f 72 67 65 72 69 65 | expose.|forgerie|
|00001480| 73 2e 0a 0a 49 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 61 62 73 65 6e |s...In t|he absen|
|00001490| 63 65 20 6f 66 20 63 72 | 79 70 74 6f 67 72 61 70 |ce of cr|yptograp|
|000014a0| 68 69 63 20 70 72 6f 74 | 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |hic prot|ection o|
|000014b0| 66 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 | 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e |f messag|e conten|
|000014c0| 74 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 6f 66 0a 63 72 79 70 74 |ts, and |of.crypt|
|000014d0| 6f 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 | 20 61 75 74 68 65 6e 74 |ographic| authent|
|000014e0| 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 66 20 6d 65 73 73 61 |ication |of messa|
|000014f0| 67 65 20 6f 72 69 67 69 | 6e 61 74 6f 72 73 2c 20 |ge origi|nators, |
|00001500| 61 6c 6c 20 64 61 74 61 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 |all data| from th|
|00001510| 65 0a 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 | 6b 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 |e.networ|k should|
|00001520| 20 62 65 20 74 72 65 61 | 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 | be trea|ted with|
|00001530| 20 73 6f 75 6e 64 20 73 | 63 65 70 74 69 63 69 73 | sound s|cepticis|
|00001540| 6d 2e 0a 0a 54 48 49 53 | 20 52 45 53 54 52 49 43 |m...THIS| RESTRIC|
|00001550| 54 49 4f 4e 20 49 53 20 | 42 59 20 4e 4f 20 4d 45 |TION IS |BY NO ME|
|00001560| 41 4e 53 20 53 50 45 43 | 49 46 49 43 20 54 4f 20 |ANS SPEC|IFIC TO |
|00001570| 54 48 45 20 54 43 50 2f | 49 50 20 50 52 4f 54 4f |THE TCP/|IP PROTO|
|00001580| 43 4f 4c 53 2e 0a 0a 33 | 20 2d 20 54 75 74 6f 72 |COLS...3| - Tutor|
|00001590| 69 61 6c 73 0a 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |ials.---|--------|
|000015a0| 2d 2d 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 | 74 75 74 6f 72 69 61 6c |--..The |tutorial|
|000015b0| 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 67 69 76 65 20 61 | section|s give a|
|000015c0| 20 67 65 6e 74 6c 65 20 | 69 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 63 | gentle |introduc|
|000015d0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 6f 70 65 72 |tion to |the oper|
|000015e0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 | 0a 74 68 65 20 77 72 61 |ation of|.the wra|
|000015f0| 70 70 65 72 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 73 2c 20 61 |pper pro|grams, a|
|00001600| 6e 64 20 69 6e 74 72 6f | 64 75 63 65 20 73 6f 6d |nd intro|duce som|
|00001610| 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 6f |e of the| termino|
|00001620| 6c 6f 67 79 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 69 73 0a 75 73 65 |logy tha|t is.use|
|00001630| 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 72 65 6d 61 69 6e 64 |d in the| remaind|
|00001640| 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 |er of th|e docume|
|00001650| 6e 74 3a 20 63 6c 69 65 | 6e 74 2c 20 73 65 72 76 |nt: clie|nt, serv|
|00001660| 65 72 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 69 6e 65 74 64 20 61 6e |er, the |inetd an|
|00001670| 64 0a 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 | 64 20 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e |d.syslog|d daemon|
|00001680| 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | 68 65 69 72 20 63 6f 6e |s, and t|heir con|
|00001690| 66 69 67 75 72 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 66 69 6c 65 73 |figurati|on files|
|000016a0| 2e 0a 0a 33 2e 31 20 2d | 20 48 6f 77 20 69 74 20 |...3.1 -| How it |
|000016b0| 77 6f 72 6b 73 0a 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |works.--|--------|
|000016c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 0a 0a 41 6c 6d 6f 73 74 |--------|..Almost|
|000016d0| 20 65 76 65 72 79 20 61 | 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 | every a|pplicati|
|000016e0| 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 54 43 50 2f 49 50 |on of th|e TCP/IP|
|000016f0| 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f | 6c 73 20 69 73 20 62 61 | protoco|ls is ba|
|00001700| 73 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 61 | 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 2d |sed on a| client-|
|00001710| 0a 73 65 72 76 65 72 20 | 6d 6f 64 65 6c 2e 20 46 |.server |model. F|
|00001720| 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 | 6c 65 2c 20 77 68 65 6e |or examp|le, when|
|00001730| 20 61 20 75 73 65 72 20 | 69 6e 76 6f 6b 65 73 20 | a user |invokes |
|00001740| 74 68 65 20 74 65 6c 6e | 65 74 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 |the teln|et comma|
|00001750| 6e 64 20 74 6f 0a 63 6f | 6e 6e 65 63 74 20 74 6f |nd to.co|nnect to|
|00001760| 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 | 79 6f 75 72 20 73 79 73 | one of |your sys|
|00001770| 74 65 6d 73 2c 20 61 20 | 74 65 6c 6e 65 74 20 73 |tems, a |telnet s|
|00001780| 65 72 76 65 72 20 70 72 | 6f 63 65 73 73 20 69 73 |erver pr|ocess is|
|00001790| 20 65 78 65 63 75 74 65 | 64 20 6f 6e 0a 74 68 65 | execute|d on.the|
|000017a0| 20 74 61 72 67 65 74 20 | 68 6f 73 74 2e 20 54 68 | target |host. Th|
|000017b0| 65 20 74 65 6c 6e 65 74 | 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 20 |e telnet| server |
|000017c0| 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 20 | 63 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 73 |process |connects|
|000017d0| 20 74 68 65 20 75 73 65 | 72 20 74 6f 20 61 20 6c | the use|r to a l|
|000017e0| 6f 67 69 6e 0a 70 72 6f | 63 65 73 73 2e 20 41 20 |ogin.pro|cess. A |
|000017f0| 66 65 77 20 65 78 61 6d | 70 6c 65 73 20 6f 66 20 |few exam|ples of |
|00001800| 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 61 | 6e 64 20 73 65 72 76 65 |client a|nd serve|
|00001810| 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 | 6d 73 20 61 72 65 20 73 |r progra|ms are s|
|00001820| 68 6f 77 6e 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 0a 74 61 62 6c |hown in |the.tabl|
|00001830| 65 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 3a | 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 |e below:|..      |
|00001840| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 20 |        |client  |
|00001850| 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 20 | 20 20 20 61 70 70 6c 69 | server |   appli|
|00001860| 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |cation. |        |
|00001870| 20 20 20 20 20 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |     ---|--------|
|00001880| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001890| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |-----.  |        |
|000018a0| 20 20 20 20 74 65 6c 6e | 65 74 20 20 20 74 65 6c |    teln|et   tel|
|000018b0| 6e 65 74 64 20 20 20 72 | 65 6d 6f 74 65 20 6c 6f |netd   r|emote lo|
|000018c0| 67 69 6e 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |gin.    |        |
|000018d0| 20 20 66 74 70 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 66 74 70 64 20 |  ftp   |   ftpd |
|000018e0| 20 20 20 20 20 66 69 6c | 65 20 74 72 61 6e 73 66 |     fil|e transf|
|000018f0| 65 72 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |er.     |        |
|00001900| 20 66 69 6e 67 65 72 20 | 20 20 66 69 6e 67 65 72 | finger |  finger|
|00001910| 64 20 20 20 73 68 6f 77 | 20 75 73 65 72 73 0a 0a |d   show| users..|
|00001920| 54 68 65 20 75 73 75 61 | 6c 20 61 70 70 72 6f 61 |The usua|l approa|
|00001930| 63 68 20 69 73 20 74 6f | 20 72 75 6e 20 6f 6e 65 |ch is to| run one|
|00001940| 20 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 20 | 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 70 | single |daemon p|
|00001950| 72 6f 63 65 73 73 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 77 61 69 74 |rocess t|hat wait|
|00001960| 73 20 66 6f 72 0a 61 6c | 6c 20 6b 69 6e 64 73 20 |s for.al|l kinds |
|00001970| 6f 66 20 69 6e 63 6f 6d | 69 6e 67 20 6e 65 74 77 |of incom|ing netw|
|00001980| 6f 72 6b 20 63 6f 6e 6e | 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e |ork conn|ections.|
|00001990| 20 57 68 65 6e 65 76 65 | 72 20 61 20 63 6f 6e 6e | Wheneve|r a conn|
|000019a0| 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 | 73 0a 65 73 74 61 62 6c |ection i|s.establ|
|000019b0| 69 73 68 65 64 2c 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 64 61 65 6d |ished, t|his daem|
|000019c0| 6f 6e 20 28 75 73 75 61 | 6c 6c 79 20 63 61 6c 6c |on (usua|lly call|
|000019d0| 65 64 20 69 6e 65 74 64 | 29 20 72 75 6e 73 20 74 |ed inetd|) runs t|
|000019e0| 68 65 20 61 70 70 72 6f | 70 72 69 61 74 65 0a 73 |he appro|priate.s|
|000019f0| 65 72 76 65 72 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 61 6e |erver pr|ogram an|
|00001a00| 64 20 67 6f 65 73 20 62 | 61 63 6b 20 74 6f 20 73 |d goes b|ack to s|
|00001a10| 6c 65 65 70 2c 20 77 61 | 69 74 69 6e 67 20 66 6f |leep, wa|iting fo|
|00001a20| 72 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 | 63 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 |r other |connecti|
|00001a30| 6f 6e 73 2e 0a 0a 54 68 | 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 |ons...Th|e wrappe|
|00001a40| 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 | 6d 73 20 72 65 6c 79 20 |r progra|ms rely |
|00001a50| 6f 6e 20 61 20 73 69 6d | 70 6c 65 2c 20 62 75 74 |on a sim|ple, but|
|00001a60| 20 70 6f 77 65 72 66 75 | 6c 20 6d 65 63 68 61 6e | powerfu|l mechan|
|00001a70| 69 73 6d 2e 20 20 49 6e | 73 74 65 61 64 0a 6f 66 |ism.  In|stead.of|
|00001a80| 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 6c | 79 20 72 75 6e 6e 69 6e | directl|y runnin|
|00001a90| 67 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 | 73 69 72 65 64 20 73 65 |g the de|sired se|
|00001aa0| 72 76 65 72 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 2c 20 74 68 |rver pro|gram, th|
|00001ab0| 65 20 69 6e 65 74 64 20 | 69 73 20 74 72 69 63 6b |e inetd |is trick|
|00001ac0| 65 64 0a 69 6e 74 6f 20 | 72 75 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 |ed.into |running |
|00001ad0| 61 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 | 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 |a small |wrapper |
|00001ae0| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 77 72 61 |program.| The wra|
|00001af0| 70 70 65 72 20 6c 6f 67 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 6c |pper log|s the cl|
|00001b00| 69 65 6e 74 20 68 6f 73 | 74 0a 6e 61 6d 65 20 6f |ient hos|t.name o|
|00001b10| 72 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 70 65 |r addres|s and pe|
|00001b20| 72 66 6f 72 6d 73 20 73 | 6f 6d 65 20 61 64 64 69 |rforms s|ome addi|
|00001b30| 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 63 | 68 65 63 6b 73 2e 20 20 |tional c|hecks.  |
|00001b40| 57 68 65 6e 20 61 6c 6c | 20 69 73 20 77 65 6c 6c |When all| is well|
|00001b50| 2c 0a 74 68 65 20 77 72 | 61 70 70 65 72 20 65 78 |,.the wr|apper ex|
|00001b60| 65 63 75 74 65 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 64 65 73 69 72 |ecutes t|he desir|
|00001b70| 65 64 20 73 65 72 76 65 | 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |ed serve|r progra|
|00001b80| 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 67 6f | 65 73 20 61 77 61 79 2e |m and go|es away.|
|00001b90| 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 77 72 | 61 70 70 65 72 20 70 72 |..The wr|apper pr|
|00001ba0| 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 6e 6f 20 69 |ograms h|ave no i|
|00001bb0| 6e 74 65 72 61 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 |nteracti|on with |
|00001bc0| 74 68 65 20 63 6c 69 65 | 6e 74 20 75 73 65 72 20 |the clie|nt user |
|00001bd0| 28 6f 72 20 77 69 74 68 | 0a 74 68 65 20 63 6c 69 |(or with|.the cli|
|00001be0| 65 6e 74 20 70 72 6f 63 | 65 73 73 29 2e 20 20 4e |ent proc|ess).  N|
|00001bf0| 6f 72 20 64 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 |or do th|e wrappe|
|00001c00| 72 73 20 69 6e 74 65 72 | 61 63 74 20 77 69 74 68 |rs inter|act with|
|00001c10| 20 74 68 65 20 73 65 72 | 76 65 72 0a 61 70 70 6c | the ser|ver.appl|
|00001c20| 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e | 20 54 68 69 73 20 68 61 |ication.| This ha|
|00001c30| 73 20 74 77 6f 20 6d 61 | 6a 6f 72 20 61 64 76 61 |s two ma|jor adva|
|00001c40| 6e 74 61 67 65 73 3a 20 | 31 29 20 74 68 65 20 77 |ntages: |1) the w|
|00001c50| 72 61 70 70 65 72 73 20 | 61 72 65 0a 61 70 70 6c |rappers |are.appl|
|00001c60| 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 2d | 69 6e 64 65 70 65 6e 64 |ication-|independ|
|00001c70| 65 6e 74 2c 20 73 6f 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 |ent, so |that the|
|00001c80| 20 73 61 6d 65 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 63 61 | same pr|ogram ca|
|00001c90| 6e 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 | 74 20 6d 61 6e 79 0a 6b |n protec|t many.k|
|00001ca0| 69 6e 64 73 20 6f 66 20 | 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 |inds of |network |
|00001cb0| 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 73 | 3b 20 32 29 20 6e 6f 20 |services|; 2) no |
|00001cc0| 69 6e 74 65 72 61 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 61 6c 73 6f |interact|ion also|
|00001cd0| 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 0a | means t|hat the.|
|00001ce0| 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 73 | 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e 76 |wrappers| are inv|
|00001cf0| 69 73 69 62 6c 65 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 6f 75 74 73 |isible f|rom outs|
|00001d00| 69 64 65 20 28 61 74 20 | 6c 65 61 73 74 20 66 6f |ide (at |least fo|
|00001d10| 72 20 61 75 74 68 6f 72 | 69 7a 65 64 20 75 73 65 |r author|ized use|
|00001d20| 72 73 29 2e 0a 0a 41 6e | 6f 74 68 65 72 20 69 6d |rs)...An|other im|
|00001d30| 70 6f 72 74 61 6e 74 20 | 70 72 6f 70 65 72 74 79 |portant |property|
|00001d40| 20 69 73 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 77 72 61 | is that| the wra|
|00001d50| 70 70 65 72 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 73 20 61 72 |pper pro|grams ar|
|00001d60| 65 20 61 63 74 69 76 65 | 20 6f 6e 6c 79 0a 77 68 |e active| only.wh|
|00001d70| 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 69 | 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 20 63 |en the i|nitial c|
|00001d80| 6f 6e 74 61 63 74 20 62 | 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 63 |ontact b|etween c|
|00001d90| 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 61 6e | 64 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 |lient an|d server|
|00001da0| 20 69 73 20 65 73 74 61 | 62 6c 69 73 68 65 64 2e | is esta|blished.|
|00001db0| 20 4f 6e 63 65 0a 61 20 | 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 | Once.a |wrapper |
|00001dc0| 68 61 73 20 64 6f 6e 65 | 20 69 74 73 20 77 6f 72 |has done| its wor|
|00001dd0| 6b 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 | 69 73 20 6e 6f 20 6f 76 |k there |is no ov|
|00001de0| 65 72 68 65 61 64 20 6f | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 6c |erhead o|n the cl|
|00001df0| 69 65 6e 74 2d 73 65 72 | 76 65 72 0a 63 6f 6e 76 |ient-ser|ver.conv|
|00001e00| 65 72 73 61 74 69 6f 6e | 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 73 |ersation|...The s|
|00001e10| 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 6d 65 | 63 68 61 6e 69 73 6d 20 |imple me|chanism |
|00001e20| 68 61 73 20 6f 6e 65 20 | 6d 61 6a 6f 72 20 64 72 |has one |major dr|
|00001e30| 61 77 62 61 63 6b 3a 20 | 74 68 65 20 77 72 61 70 |awback: |the wrap|
|00001e40| 70 65 72 73 20 67 6f 20 | 61 77 61 79 20 61 66 74 |pers go |away aft|
|00001e50| 65 72 0a 74 68 65 20 69 | 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 20 63 |er.the i|nitial c|
|00001e60| 6f 6e 74 61 63 74 20 62 | 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 63 |ontact b|etween c|
|00001e70| 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 61 6e | 64 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 |lient an|d server|
|00001e80| 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 | 65 73 2c 20 73 6f 20 74 | process|es, so t|
|00001e90| 68 65 0a 77 72 61 70 70 | 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 20 |he.wrapp|ers are |
|00001ea0| 6f 66 20 6c 69 74 74 6c | 65 20 75 73 65 20 77 69 |of littl|e use wi|
|00001eb0| 74 68 20 6e 65 74 77 6f | 72 6b 20 64 61 65 6d 6f |th netwo|rk daemo|
|00001ec0| 6e 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 20 |ns that |service |
|00001ed0| 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 68 61 | 6e 0a 6f 6e 65 20 63 6c |more tha|n.one cl|
|00001ee0| 69 65 6e 74 2e 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 |ient.  T|he wrapp|
|00001ef0| 65 72 73 20 77 6f 75 6c | 64 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 73 |ers woul|d only s|
|00001f00| 65 65 20 74 68 65 20 66 | 69 72 73 74 20 63 6c 69 |ee the f|irst cli|
|00001f10| 65 6e 74 20 61 74 74 65 | 6d 70 74 20 74 6f 0a 63 |ent atte|mpt to.c|
|00001f20| 6f 6e 74 61 63 74 20 73 | 75 63 68 20 61 20 73 65 |ontact s|uch a se|
|00001f30| 72 76 65 72 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 4e 46 53 20 6d 6f |rver. Th|e NFS mo|
|00001f40| 75 6e 74 20 64 61 65 6d | 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 61 20 |unt daem|on is a |
|00001f50| 74 79 70 69 63 61 6c 20 | 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 |typical |example |
|00001f60| 6f 66 20 61 0a 64 61 65 | 6d 6f 6e 20 74 68 61 74 |of a.dae|mon that|
|00001f70| 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 | 73 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 | service|s reques|
|00001f80| 74 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 6d 75 6c 74 69 70 6c 65 |ts from |multiple|
|00001f90| 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 73 | 2e 20 53 65 65 20 74 68 | clients|. See th|
|00001fa0| 65 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f | 6e 20 6f 6e 0a 72 65 6c |e sectio|n on.rel|
|00001fb0| 61 74 65 64 20 73 6f 66 | 74 77 61 72 65 20 66 6f |ated sof|tware fo|
|00001fc0| 72 20 77 61 79 73 20 74 | 6f 20 64 65 61 6c 20 77 |r ways t|o deal w|
|00001fd0| 69 74 68 20 73 75 63 68 | 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 20 |ith such| server |
|00001fe0| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 | 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 72 65 |programs|...There|
|00001ff0| 20 61 72 65 20 74 77 6f | 20 77 61 79 73 20 74 6f | are two| ways to|
|00002000| 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 | use the| wrapper|
|00002010| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 73 3a 0a 0a 31 29 20 54 | program|s:..1) T|
|00002020| 68 65 20 65 61 73 79 20 | 77 61 79 3a 20 6d 6f 76 |he easy |way: mov|
|00002030| 65 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 | 6b 20 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e |e networ|k daemon|
|00002040| 73 20 74 6f 20 73 6f 6d | 65 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 |s to som|e other |
|00002050| 64 69 72 65 63 74 6f 72 | 79 20 61 6e 64 20 66 69 |director|y and fi|
|00002060| 6c 6c 0a 20 20 20 74 68 | 65 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 |ll.   th|e result|
|00002070| 69 6e 67 20 68 6f 6c 65 | 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 63 |ing hole|s with c|
|00002080| 6f 70 69 65 73 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 77 72 61 |opies of| the wra|
|00002090| 70 70 65 72 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 73 2e 20 20 |pper pro|grams.  |
|000020a0| 54 68 69 73 0a 20 20 20 | 61 70 70 72 6f 61 63 68 |This.   |approach|
|000020b0| 20 69 6e 76 6f 6c 76 65 | 73 20 6e 6f 20 63 68 61 | involve|s no cha|
|000020c0| 6e 67 65 73 20 74 6f 20 | 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 63 |nges to |system c|
|000020d0| 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 72 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 69 6c |onfigura|tion fil|
|000020e0| 65 73 2c 20 73 6f 20 74 | 68 65 72 65 0a 20 20 20 |es, so t|here.   |
|000020f0| 69 73 20 76 65 72 79 20 | 6c 69 74 74 6c 65 20 72 |is very |little r|
|00002100| 69 73 6b 20 6f 66 20 62 | 72 65 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 |isk of b|reaking |
|00002110| 74 68 69 6e 67 73 2e 0a | 0a 32 29 20 54 68 65 20 |things..|.2) The |
|00002120| 61 64 76 61 6e 63 65 64 | 20 77 61 79 3a 20 6c 65 |advanced| way: le|
|00002130| 61 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 |ave the |network |
|00002140| 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 73 20 | 61 6c 6f 6e 65 20 61 6e |daemons |alone an|
|00002150| 64 20 6d 6f 64 69 66 79 | 20 74 68 65 0a 20 20 20 |d modify| the.   |
|00002160| 69 6e 65 74 64 20 63 6f | 6e 66 69 67 75 72 61 74 |inetd co|nfigurat|
|00002170| 69 6f 6e 20 66 69 6c 65 | 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 65 |ion file|.  For e|
|00002180| 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 | 61 6e 20 65 6e 74 72 79 |xample, |an entry|
|00002190| 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 | 3a 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | such as|:..     |
|000021a0| 74 66 74 70 20 20 64 67 | 72 61 6d 20 20 75 64 70 |tftp  dg|ram  udp|
|000021b0| 20 20 77 61 69 74 20 20 | 72 6f 6f 74 20 20 2f 75 |  wait  |root  /u|
|000021c0| 73 72 2f 65 74 63 2f 74 | 63 70 64 20 20 69 6e 2e |sr/etc/t|cpd  in.|
|000021d0| 74 66 74 70 64 20 2d 73 | 20 2f 74 66 74 70 62 6f |tftpd -s| /tftpbo|
|000021e0| 6f 74 0a 0a 20 20 20 57 | 68 65 6e 20 61 20 74 66 |ot..   W|hen a tf|
|000021f0| 74 70 20 72 65 71 75 65 | 73 74 20 61 72 72 69 76 |tp reque|st arriv|
|00002200| 65 73 2c 20 69 6e 65 74 | 64 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 72 |es, inet|d will r|
|00002210| 75 6e 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 70 |un the w|rapper p|
|00002220| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 0a 20 | 20 20 28 74 63 70 64 29 |rogram. |  (tcpd)|
|00002230| 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 | 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 20 | with a |process |
|00002240| 6e 61 6d 65 20 60 69 6e | 2e 74 66 74 70 64 27 2e |name `in|.tftpd'.|
|00002250| 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 6e 61 |  This i|s the na|
|00002260| 6d 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 74 68 65 0a 20 20 20 77 |me that |the.   w|
|00002270| 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 75 73 65 20 |rapper w|ill use |
|00002280| 77 68 65 6e 20 6c 6f 67 | 67 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |when log|ging the|
|00002290| 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 | 20 61 6e 64 20 77 68 65 | request| and whe|
|000022a0| 6e 20 73 63 61 6e 6e 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 0a 20 |n scanni|ng the. |
|000022b0| 20 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e | 61 6c 20 61 63 63 65 73 |  option|al acces|
|000022c0| 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f | 6c 20 74 61 62 6c 65 73 |s contro|l tables|
|000022d0| 2e 20 20 60 69 6e 2e 74 | 66 74 70 64 27 20 69 73 |.  `in.t|ftpd' is|
|000022e0| 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 6f | also th|e name o|
|000022f0| 66 20 74 68 65 0a 20 20 | 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 20 |f the.  | server |
|00002300| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 |program |that the|
|00002310| 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 | 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 61 74 | wrapper| will at|
|00002320| 74 65 6d 70 74 20 74 6f | 20 72 75 6e 20 77 68 65 |tempt to| run whe|
|00002330| 6e 20 61 6c 6c 20 69 73 | 0a 20 20 20 77 65 6c 6c |n all is|.   well|
|00002340| 2e 20 20 41 6e 79 20 61 | 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 |.  Any a|rguments|
|00002350| 20 28 60 2d 73 20 2f 74 | 66 74 70 62 6f 6f 74 27 | (`-s /t|ftpboot'|
|00002360| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 69 73 | 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 | in this| particu|
|00002370| 6c 61 72 20 65 78 61 6d | 70 6c 65 29 20 61 72 65 |lar exam|ple) are|
|00002380| 0a 20 20 20 74 72 61 6e | 73 70 61 72 65 6e 74 6c |.   tran|sparentl|
|00002390| 79 20 70 61 73 73 65 64 | 20 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 |y passed| on to t|
|000023a0| 68 65 20 73 65 72 76 65 | 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |he serve|r progra|
|000023b0| 6d 2e 0a 0a 46 6f 72 20 | 61 6e 20 61 63 63 6f 75 |m...For |an accou|
|000023c0| 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 68 69 73 74 6f 72 |nt of th|e histor|
|000023d0| 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 |y of the| wrapper|
|000023e0| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 73 2c 20 77 69 74 68 20 | program|s, with |
|000023f0| 72 65 61 6c 2d 6c 69 66 | 65 0a 65 78 61 6d 70 6c |real-lif|e.exampl|
|00002400| 65 73 2c 20 73 65 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 65 63 74 |es, see |the sect|
|00002410| 69 6f 6e 20 62 65 6c 6f | 77 20 6f 6e 20 72 65 6c |ion belo|w on rel|
|00002420| 61 74 65 64 20 64 6f 63 | 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 2e 0a |ated doc|uments..|
|00002430| 0a 33 2e 32 20 2d 20 57 | 68 65 72 65 20 74 68 65 |.3.2 - W|here the|
|00002440| 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 | 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 | logging| informa|
|00002450| 74 69 6f 6e 20 67 6f 65 | 73 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |tion goe|s.------|
|00002460| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002470| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002480| 2d 2d 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 | 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 |--..The |wrapper |
|00002490| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 | 20 73 65 6e 64 20 74 68 |programs| send th|
|000024a0| 65 69 72 20 6c 6f 67 67 | 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 66 6f |eir logg|ing info|
|000024b0| 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 |rmation |to the s|
|000024c0| 79 73 6c 6f 67 0a 64 61 | 65 6d 6f 6e 20 28 73 79 |yslog.da|emon (sy|
|000024d0| 73 6c 6f 67 64 29 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 64 69 73 70 |slogd). |The disp|
|000024e0| 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 77 |osition |of the w|
|000024f0| 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 6c | 6f 67 73 20 69 73 20 64 |rapper l|ogs is d|
|00002500| 65 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 65 | 64 20 62 79 0a 74 68 65 |etermine|d by.the|
|00002510| 20 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 20 | 63 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 72 | syslog |configur|
|00002520| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 69 | 6c 65 20 28 75 73 75 61 |ation fi|le (usua|
|00002530| 6c 6c 79 20 2f 65 74 63 | 2f 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 2e |lly /etc|/syslog.|
|00002540| 63 6f 6e 66 29 2e 20 4d | 65 73 73 61 67 65 73 20 |conf). M|essages |
|00002550| 61 72 65 0a 77 72 69 74 | 74 65 6e 20 74 6f 20 66 |are.writ|ten to f|
|00002560| 69 6c 65 73 2c 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6e |iles, to| the con|
|00002570| 73 6f 6c 65 2c 20 6f 72 | 20 61 72 65 20 66 6f 72 |sole, or| are for|
|00002580| 77 61 72 64 65 64 20 74 | 6f 20 61 20 40 6c 6f 67 |warded t|o a @log|
|00002590| 68 6f 73 74 2e 20 53 6f | 6d 65 0a 73 79 73 6c 6f |host. So|me.syslo|
|000025a0| 67 64 20 76 65 72 73 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 63 61 6e 20 |gd versi|ons can |
|000025b0| 65 76 65 6e 20 66 6f 72 | 77 61 72 64 20 6d 65 73 |even for|ward mes|
|000025c0| 73 61 67 65 73 20 64 6f | 77 6e 20 61 20 7c 70 69 |sages do|wn a |pi|
|000025d0| 70 65 6c 69 6e 65 2e 0a | 0a 4f 6c 64 65 72 20 73 |peline..|.Older s|
|000025e0| 79 73 6c 6f 67 20 69 6d | 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 61 |yslog im|plementa|
|000025f0| 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 28 73 | 74 69 6c 6c 20 66 6f 75 |tions (s|till fou|
|00002600| 6e 64 20 6f 6e 20 55 6c | 74 72 69 78 20 73 79 73 |nd on Ul|trix sys|
|00002610| 74 65 6d 73 29 20 6f 6e | 6c 79 0a 73 75 70 70 6f |tems) on|ly.suppo|
|00002620| 72 74 20 70 72 69 6f 72 | 69 74 79 20 6c 65 76 65 |rt prior|ity leve|
|00002630| 6c 73 20 72 61 6e 67 69 | 6e 67 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |ls rangi|ng from |
|00002640| 39 20 28 64 65 62 75 67 | 2d 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 6d |9 (debug|-level m|
|00002650| 65 73 73 61 67 65 73 29 | 20 74 6f 20 30 0a 28 61 |essages)| to 0.(a|
|00002660| 6c 65 72 74 73 29 2e 20 | 41 6c 6c 20 6c 6f 67 67 |lerts). |All logg|
|00002670| 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 66 6f | 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |ing info|rmation |
|00002680| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 |of the s|pecified|
|00002690| 20 70 72 69 6f 72 69 74 | 79 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 | priorit|y level |
|000026a0| 6f 72 0a 6d 6f 72 65 20 | 75 72 67 65 6e 74 20 69 |or.more |urgent i|
|000026b0| 73 20 77 72 69 74 74 65 | 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 |s writte|n to the|
|000026c0| 20 73 61 6d 65 20 64 65 | 73 74 69 6e 61 74 69 6f | same de|stinatio|
|000026d0| 6e 2e 20 20 49 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 79 73 6c 6f |n.  In t|he syslo|
|000026e0| 67 2e 63 6f 6e 66 0a 66 | 69 6c 65 2c 20 70 72 69 |g.conf.f|ile, pri|
|000026f0| 6f 72 69 74 79 20 6c 65 | 76 65 6c 73 20 61 72 65 |ority le|vels are|
|00002700| 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 6e 75 | specifi|ed in nu|
|00002710| 6d 65 72 69 63 61 6c 20 | 66 6f 72 6d 2e 20 20 46 |merical |form.  F|
|00002720| 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 | 6c 65 2c 0a 0a 20 20 20 |or examp|le,..   |
|00002730| 20 38 2f 75 73 72 2f 73 | 70 6f 6f 6c 2f 6d 71 75 | 8/usr/s|pool/mqu|
|00002740| 65 75 65 2f 73 79 73 6c | 6f 67 0a 0a 63 61 75 73 |eue/sysl|og..caus|
|00002750| 65 73 20 61 6c 6c 20 6d | 65 73 73 61 67 65 73 20 |es all m|essages |
|00002760| 77 69 74 68 20 70 72 69 | 6f 72 69 74 79 20 38 20 |with pri|ority 8 |
|00002770| 28 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 6d |(informa|tional m|
|00002780| 65 73 73 61 67 65 73 29 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 0a 61 6e |essages)|, and.an|
|00002790| 79 74 68 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 6d |ything t|hat is m|
|000027a0| 6f 72 65 20 75 72 67 65 | 6e 74 2c 20 74 6f 20 62 |ore urge|nt, to b|
|000027b0| 65 20 61 70 70 65 6e 64 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 |e append|ed to th|
|000027c0| 65 20 66 69 6c 65 0a 2f | 75 73 72 2f 73 70 6f 6f |e file./|usr/spoo|
|000027d0| 6c 2f 6d 71 75 65 75 65 | 2f 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 2e |l/mqueue|/syslog.|
|000027e0| 0a 0a 4e 65 77 65 72 20 | 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 20 69 |..Newer |syslog i|
|000027f0| 6d 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 73 |mplement|ations s|
|00002800| 75 70 70 6f 72 74 20 6d | 65 73 73 61 67 65 20 63 |upport m|essage c|
|00002810| 6c 61 73 73 65 73 20 69 | 6e 20 61 64 64 69 74 69 |lasses i|n additi|
|00002820| 6f 6e 20 74 6f 0a 70 72 | 69 6f 72 69 74 79 20 6c |on to.pr|iority l|
|00002830| 65 76 65 6c 73 2e 20 20 | 45 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 |evels.  |Examples|
|00002840| 20 6f 66 20 6d 65 73 73 | 61 67 65 20 63 6c 61 73 | of mess|age clas|
|00002850| 73 65 73 20 61 72 65 3a | 20 6d 61 69 6c 2c 20 64 |ses are:| mail, d|
|00002860| 61 65 6d 6f 6e 2c 20 61 | 75 74 68 0a 61 6e 64 20 |aemon, a|uth.and |
|00002870| 6e 65 77 73 2e 20 49 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 73 79 73 |news. In| the sys|
|00002880| 6c 6f 67 2e 63 6f 6e 66 | 20 66 69 6c 65 2c 20 70 |log.conf| file, p|
|00002890| 72 69 6f 72 69 74 79 20 | 6c 65 76 65 6c 73 20 61 |riority |levels a|
|000028a0| 72 65 20 73 70 65 63 69 | 66 69 65 64 20 77 69 74 |re speci|fied wit|
|000028b0| 68 0a 73 79 6d 62 6f 6c | 69 63 20 6e 61 6d 65 73 |h.symbol|ic names|
|000028c0| 3a 20 64 65 62 75 67 2c | 20 69 6e 66 6f 2c 20 6e |: debug,| info, n|
|000028d0| 6f 74 69 63 65 2c 20 2e | 2e 2e 2c 20 65 6d 65 72 |otice, .|.., emer|
|000028e0| 67 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 65 | 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 0a |g. For e|xample,.|
|000028f0| 0a 20 20 20 20 6d 61 69 | 6c 2e 64 65 62 75 67 20 |.    mai|l.debug |
|00002900| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002910| 20 2f 76 61 72 2f 6c 6f | 67 2f 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 | /var/lo|g/syslog|
|00002920| 0a 0a 63 61 75 73 65 73 | 20 61 6c 6c 20 6d 65 73 |..causes| all mes|
|00002930| 73 61 67 65 73 20 6f 66 | 20 63 6c 61 73 73 20 6d |sages of| class m|
|00002940| 61 69 6c 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 70 72 69 6f 72 69 74 |ail with| priorit|
|00002950| 79 20 64 65 62 75 67 20 | 28 6f 72 20 6d 6f 72 65 |y debug |(or more|
|00002960| 20 75 72 67 65 6e 74 29 | 0a 74 6f 20 62 65 20 61 | urgent)|.to be a|
|00002970| 70 70 65 6e 64 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 2f |ppended |to the /|
|00002980| 76 61 72 2f 6c 6f 67 2f | 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 20 66 |var/log/|syslog f|
|00002990| 69 6c 65 2e 0a 0a 42 79 | 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 |ile...By| default|
|000029a0| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 77 72 | 61 70 70 65 72 20 6c 6f |, the wr|apper lo|
|000029b0| 67 73 20 67 6f 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d |gs go to| the sam|
|000029c0| 65 20 70 6c 61 63 65 20 | 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 74 |e place |as the t|
|000029d0| 72 61 6e 73 61 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 0a 6c 6f 67 73 20 |ransacti|on.logs |
|000029e0| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 65 6e 64 6d 61 69 6c 20 |of the s|endmail |
|000029f0| 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 64 69 73 70 |daemon. |The disp|
|00002a00| 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 63 |osition |can be c|
|00002a10| 68 61 6e 67 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 65 64 69 74 69 6e |hanged b|y editin|
|00002a20| 67 0a 74 68 65 20 4d 61 | 6b 65 66 69 6c 65 20 61 |g.the Ma|kefile a|
|00002a30| 6e 64 2f 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 |nd/or th|e syslog|
|00002a40| 2e 63 6f 6e 66 20 66 69 | 6c 65 2e 20 53 65 6e 64 |.conf fi|le. Send|
|00002a50| 20 61 20 60 6b 69 6c 6c | 20 2d 48 55 50 27 20 74 | a `kill| -HUP' t|
|00002a60| 6f 20 74 68 65 0a 73 79 | 73 6c 6f 67 64 20 61 66 |o the.sy|slogd af|
|00002a70| 74 65 72 20 63 68 61 6e | 67 69 6e 67 20 69 74 73 |ter chan|ging its|
|00002a80| 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 | 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 | configu|ration f|
|00002a90| 69 6c 65 2e 20 52 65 6d | 65 6d 62 65 72 20 74 68 |ile. Rem|ember th|
|00002aa0| 61 74 20 73 79 73 6c 6f | 67 64 2c 0a 6a 75 73 74 |at syslo|gd,.just|
|00002ab0| 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 73 65 | 6e 64 6d 61 69 6c 2c 20 | like se|ndmail, |
|00002ac0| 69 6e 73 69 73 74 73 20 | 6f 6e 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f |insists |on one o|
|00002ad0| 72 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 54 | 41 42 73 20 62 65 74 77 |r more T|ABs betw|
|00002ae0| 65 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 6c 65 66 74 2d 68 61 6e |een the |left-han|
|00002af0| 64 0a 73 69 64 65 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 72 |d.side a|nd the r|
|00002b00| 69 67 68 74 2d 68 61 6e | 64 20 73 69 64 65 20 65 |ight-han|d side e|
|00002b10| 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f | 6e 73 20 69 6e 20 69 74 |xpressio|ns in it|
|00002b20| 73 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 67 | 75 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |s config|uration |
|00002b30| 66 69 6c 65 2e 0a 0a 53 | 6f 6c 61 72 69 73 20 32 |file...S|olaris 2|
|00002b40| 2e 78 20 6e 6f 74 65 3a | 20 74 68 65 20 73 79 73 |.x note:| the sys|
|00002b50| 6c 6f 67 20 64 61 65 6d | 6f 6e 20 64 65 70 65 6e |log daem|on depen|
|00002b60| 64 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 6d 34 20 6d 61 63 |ds on th|e m4 mac|
|00002b70| 72 6f 20 70 72 6f 63 65 | 73 73 6f 72 2e 0a 54 68 |ro proce|ssor..Th|
|00002b80| 65 20 6d 34 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 20 69 73 20 |e m4 pro|gram is |
|00002b90| 69 6e 73 74 61 6c 6c 65 | 64 20 61 73 20 70 61 72 |installe|d as par|
|00002ba0| 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 |t of the| softwar|
|00002bb0| 65 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f | 70 65 72 20 70 61 63 6b |e develo|per pack|
|00002bc0| 61 67 65 73 2e 0a 0a 54 | 72 6f 75 62 6c 65 20 73 |ages...T|rouble s|
|00002bd0| 68 6f 6f 74 69 6e 67 20 | 6e 6f 74 65 3a 20 77 68 |hooting |note: wh|
|00002be0| 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 79 73 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e |en the s|ysloggin|
|00002bf0| 67 20 64 6f 65 73 20 6e | 6f 74 20 77 6f 72 6b 20 |g does n|ot work |
|00002c00| 61 73 20 65 78 70 65 63 | 74 65 64 2c 0a 72 75 6e |as expec|ted,.run|
|00002c10| 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 20 62 79 20 | the pro|gram by |
|00002c20| 68 61 6e 64 20 28 60 73 | 79 73 6c 6f 67 64 20 2d |hand (`s|yslogd -|
|00002c30| 64 27 29 20 61 6e 64 20 | 73 65 65 20 77 68 61 74 |d') and |see what|
|00002c40| 20 72 65 61 6c 6c 79 20 | 68 61 70 70 65 6e 73 2e | really |happens.|
|00002c50| 0a 0a 34 20 2d 20 46 65 | 61 74 75 72 65 73 0a 2d |..4 - Fe|atures.-|
|00002c60| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a 34 2e 31 |--------|---..4.1|
|00002c70| 20 2d 20 41 63 63 65 73 | 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f | - Acces|s contro|
|00002c80| 6c 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |l.------|--------|
|00002c90| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a | 57 68 65 6e 20 63 6f 6d |------..|When com|
|00002ca0| 70 69 6c 65 64 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 2d 44 48 4f 53 |piled wi|th -DHOS|
|00002cb0| 54 53 5f 41 43 43 45 53 | 53 2c 20 74 68 65 20 77 |TS_ACCES|S, the w|
|00002cc0| 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 |rapper p|rograms |
|00002cd0| 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 20 | 61 0a 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 |support |a.simple|
|00002ce0| 20 66 6f 72 6d 20 6f 66 | 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 20 | form of| access |
|00002cf0| 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 2e | 20 20 41 63 63 65 73 73 |control.|  Access|
|00002d00| 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 | 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 6c | can be |controll|
|00002d10| 65 64 20 70 65 72 20 68 | 6f 73 74 2c 20 70 65 72 |ed per h|ost, per|
|00002d20| 0a 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 | 2c 20 6f 72 20 63 6f 6d |.service|, or com|
|00002d30| 62 69 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 74 68 65 72 65 6f |bination|s thereo|
|00002d40| 66 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 | 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 20 |f. The s|oftware |
|00002d50| 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 73 | 20 68 6f 6f 6b 73 20 66 |provides| hooks f|
|00002d60| 6f 72 20 74 68 65 0a 65 | 78 65 63 75 74 69 6f 6e |or the.e|xecution|
|00002d70| 20 6f 66 20 73 68 65 6c | 6c 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e | of shel|l comman|
|00002d80| 64 73 20 77 68 65 6e 20 | 61 6e 20 61 63 63 65 73 |ds when |an acces|
|00002d90| 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f | 6c 20 72 75 6c 65 20 66 |s contro|l rule f|
|00002da0| 69 72 65 73 3b 20 74 68 | 69 73 0a 66 65 61 74 75 |ires; th|is.featu|
|00002db0| 72 65 20 6d 61 79 20 62 | 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 |re may b|e used t|
|00002dc0| 6f 20 69 6e 73 74 61 6c | 6c 20 22 62 6f 6f 62 79 |o instal|l "booby|
|00002dd0| 20 74 72 61 70 73 22 2e | 20 20 46 6f 72 20 64 65 | traps".|  For de|
|00002de0| 74 61 69 6c 73 2c 20 73 | 65 65 20 74 68 65 0a 68 |tails, s|ee the.h|
|00002df0| 6f 73 74 73 5f 61 63 63 | 65 73 73 2e 35 20 6d 61 |osts_acc|ess.5 ma|
|00002e00| 6e 75 61 6c 20 70 61 67 | 65 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 |nual pag|e, which|
|00002e10| 20 69 73 20 69 6e 20 60 | 6e 72 6f 66 66 20 2d 6d | is in `|nroff -m|
|00002e20| 61 6e 27 20 66 6f 72 6d | 61 74 2e 20 41 20 6c 61 |an' form|at. A la|
|00002e30| 74 65 72 0a 73 65 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 64 65 73 63 |ter.sect|ion desc|
|00002e40| 72 69 62 65 73 20 68 6f | 77 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 |ribes ho|w you ca|
|00002e50| 6e 20 74 65 73 74 20 79 | 6f 75 72 20 61 63 63 65 |n test y|our acce|
|00002e60| 73 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 | 6f 6c 20 72 75 6c 65 73 |ss contr|ol rules|
|00002e70| 2e 0a 0a 41 63 63 65 73 | 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f |...Acces|s contro|
|00002e80| 6c 20 63 61 6e 20 61 6c | 73 6f 20 62 65 20 75 73 |l can al|so be us|
|00002e90| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 63 6f | 6e 6e 65 63 74 20 63 6c |ed to co|nnect cl|
|00002ea0| 69 65 6e 74 73 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 22 72 69 |ients to| the "ri|
|00002eb0| 67 68 74 22 0a 73 65 72 | 76 69 63 65 2e 20 57 68 |ght".ser|vice. Wh|
|00002ec0| 61 74 20 69 73 20 72 69 | 67 68 74 20 6d 61 79 20 |at is ri|ght may |
|00002ed0| 64 65 70 65 6e 64 20 6f | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 |depend o|n the re|
|00002ee0| 71 75 65 73 74 65 64 20 | 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 2c |quested |service,|
|00002ef0| 20 74 68 65 20 6f 72 69 | 67 69 6e 0a 6f 66 20 74 | the ori|gin.of t|
|00002f00| 68 65 20 72 65 71 75 65 | 73 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |he reque|st, and |
|00002f10| 77 68 61 74 20 68 6f 73 | 74 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 |what hos|t addres|
|00002f20| 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 6c | 69 65 6e 74 20 63 6f 6e |s the cl|ient con|
|00002f30| 6e 65 63 74 73 20 74 6f | 2e 20 45 78 61 6d 70 6c |nects to|. Exampl|
|00002f40| 65 73 3a 0a 0a 28 31 29 | 20 41 20 67 6f 70 68 65 |es:..(1)| A gophe|
|00002f50| 72 20 6f 72 20 77 77 77 | 20 64 61 74 61 62 61 73 |r or www| databas|
|00002f60| 65 20 73 70 65 61 6b 73 | 20 6e 61 74 69 76 65 20 |e speaks| native |
|00002f70| 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 | 20 77 68 65 6e 20 63 6f |language| when co|
|00002f80| 6e 74 61 63 74 65 64 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 0a 20 20 20 |ntacted |from.   |
|00002f90| 20 77 69 74 68 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 6f 75 6e | within |the coun|
|00002fa0| 74 72 79 2c 20 6f 74 68 | 65 72 77 69 73 65 20 69 |try, oth|erwise i|
|00002fb0| 74 20 73 70 65 61 6b 73 | 20 45 6e 67 6c 69 73 68 |t speaks| English|
|00002fc0| 2e 0a 0a 28 32 29 20 41 | 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 |...(2) A| service|
|00002fd0| 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 | 72 20 6f 66 66 65 72 73 | provide|r offers|
|00002fe0| 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 | 6e 74 20 66 74 70 2c 20 | differe|nt ftp, |
|00002ff0| 67 6f 70 68 65 72 20 6f | 72 20 77 77 77 20 73 65 |gopher o|r www se|
|00003000| 72 76 69 63 65 73 0a 20 | 20 20 20 77 69 74 68 20 |rvices. |   with |
|00003010| 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e | 74 20 69 6e 74 65 72 6e |differen|t intern|
|00003020| 65 74 20 68 6f 73 74 6e | 61 6d 65 73 20 66 72 6f |et hostn|ames fro|
|00003030| 6d 20 6f 6e 65 20 68 6f | 73 74 20 28 73 65 63 74 |m one ho|st (sect|
|00003040| 69 6f 6e 20 34 2e 36 29 | 2e 0a 0a 41 63 63 65 73 |ion 4.6)|...Acces|
|00003050| 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f | 6c 20 69 73 20 65 6e 61 |s contro|l is ena|
|00003060| 62 6c 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 2e |bled by |default.|
|00003070| 20 49 74 20 63 61 6e 20 | 62 65 20 74 75 72 6e 65 | It can |be turne|
|00003080| 64 20 6f 66 66 20 62 79 | 20 65 64 69 74 69 6e 67 |d off by| editing|
|00003090| 0a 74 68 65 20 4d 61 6b | 65 66 69 6c 65 2c 20 6f |.the Mak|efile, o|
|000030a0| 72 20 62 79 20 70 72 6f | 76 69 64 69 6e 67 20 6e |r by pro|viding n|
|000030b0| 6f 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 | 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c |o access| control|
|000030c0| 20 74 61 62 6c 65 73 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 69 6e 73 | tables.| The ins|
|000030d0| 74 61 6c 6c 0a 69 6e 73 | 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e |tall.ins|truction|
|000030e0| 73 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 20 | 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 |s below |describe|
|000030f0| 20 74 68 65 20 4d 61 6b | 65 66 69 6c 65 20 65 64 | the Mak|efile ed|
|00003100| 69 74 69 6e 67 20 70 72 | 6f 63 65 73 73 2e 0a 0a |iting pr|ocess...|
|00003110| 54 68 65 20 68 6f 73 74 | 73 5f 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e |The host|s_option|
|00003120| 73 2e 35 20 6d 61 6e 75 | 61 6c 20 70 61 67 65 20 |s.5 manu|al page |
|00003130| 28 60 6e 72 6f 66 66 20 | 2d 6d 61 6e 27 20 66 6f |(`nroff |-man' fo|
|00003140| 72 6d 61 74 29 20 64 6f | 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 |rmat) do|cuments |
|00003150| 61 6e 0a 65 78 74 65 6e | 64 65 64 20 76 65 72 73 |an.exten|ded vers|
|00003160| 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 61 63 63 65 73 |ion of t|he acces|
|00003170| 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f | 6c 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 |s contro|l langua|
|00003180| 67 65 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | 65 78 74 65 6e 73 69 6f |ge. The |extensio|
|00003190| 6e 73 20 61 72 65 0a 64 | 69 73 61 62 6c 65 64 20 |ns are.d|isabled |
|000031a0| 62 79 20 64 65 66 61 75 | 6c 74 2e 20 53 65 65 20 |by defau|lt. See |
|000031b0| 74 68 65 20 73 65 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 62 65 6c 6f |the sect|ion belo|
|000031c0| 77 20 6f 6e 20 6c 61 6e | 67 75 61 67 65 20 65 78 |w on lan|guage ex|
|000031d0| 74 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e 73 | 2e 0a 0a 4c 61 74 65 72 |tensions|...Later|
|000031e0| 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d 20 | 56 20 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d | System |V implem|
|000031f0| 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 |entation|s provid|
|00003200| 65 20 74 68 65 20 54 72 | 61 6e 73 70 6f 72 74 20 |e the Tr|ansport |
|00003210| 4c 65 76 65 6c 20 49 6e | 74 65 72 66 61 63 65 0a |Level In|terface.|
|00003220| 28 54 4c 49 29 2c 20 61 | 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b |(TLI), a| network|
|00003230| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 6d 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 74 | program|ming int|
|00003240| 65 72 66 61 63 65 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 70 65 72 66 |erface t|hat perf|
|00003250| 6f 72 6d 73 20 66 75 6e | 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 73 |orms fun|ctions s|
|00003260| 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 0a 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 42 65 |imilar.t|o the Be|
|00003270| 72 6b 65 6c 65 79 20 73 | 6f 63 6b 65 74 20 70 72 |rkeley s|ocket pr|
|00003280| 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e | 67 20 69 6e 74 65 72 66 |ogrammin|g interf|
|00003290| 61 63 65 2e 20 20 4c 69 | 6b 65 20 42 65 72 6b 65 |ace.  Li|ke Berke|
|000032a0| 6c 65 79 20 73 6f 63 6b | 65 74 73 2c 0a 54 4c 49 |ley sock|ets,.TLI|
|000032b0| 20 77 61 73 20 64 65 73 | 69 67 6e 65 64 20 74 6f | was des|igned to|
|000032c0| 20 63 6f 76 65 72 20 6d | 75 6c 74 69 70 6c 65 20 | cover m|ultiple |
|000032d0| 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f 6c | 73 2c 20 6e 6f 74 20 6a |protocol|s, not j|
|000032e0| 75 73 74 20 49 6e 74 65 | 72 6e 65 74 2e 0a 0a 57 |ust Inte|rnet...W|
|000032f0| 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 |hen the |wrapper |
|00003300| 64 69 73 63 6f 76 65 72 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 |discover|s that t|
|00003310| 68 65 20 54 4c 49 20 69 | 6e 74 65 72 66 61 63 65 |he TLI i|nterface|
|00003320| 20 73 69 74 73 20 6f 6e | 20 74 6f 70 20 6f 66 20 | sits on| top of |
|00003330| 61 0a 54 43 50 2f 49 50 | 20 6f 72 20 55 44 50 2f |a.TCP/IP| or UDP/|
|00003340| 49 50 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 | 72 73 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |IP conve|rsation |
|00003350| 69 74 20 75 73 65 73 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 6b 6e 6f |it uses |this kno|
|00003360| 77 6c 65 64 67 65 20 74 | 6f 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 |wledge t|o provid|
|00003370| 65 20 74 68 65 0a 73 61 | 6d 65 20 66 75 6e 63 74 |e the.sa|me funct|
|00003380| 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 73 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 74 72 61 |ions as |with tra|
|00003390| 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c | 20 73 6f 63 6b 65 74 2d |ditional| socket-|
|000033a0| 62 61 73 65 64 20 61 70 | 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f |based ap|plicatio|
|000033b0| 6e 73 2e 20 20 57 68 65 | 6e 0a 73 6f 6d 65 20 6f |ns.  Whe|n.some o|
|000033c0| 74 68 65 72 20 70 72 6f | 74 6f 63 6f 6c 20 69 73 |ther pro|tocol is|
|000033d0| 20 75 73 65 64 20 75 6e | 64 65 72 6e 65 61 74 68 | used un|derneath|
|000033e0| 20 54 4c 49 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 68 6f 73 74 20 61 | TLI, th|e host a|
|000033f0| 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 0a 73 |ddress w|ill be.s|
|00003400| 6f 6d 65 20 75 6e 69 76 | 65 72 73 61 6c 20 6d 61 |ome univ|ersal ma|
|00003410| 67 69 63 20 63 6f 6f 6b | 69 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 |gic cook|ie that |
|00003420| 6d 61 79 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 65 76 65 6e 20 62 65 20 |may not |even be |
|00003430| 75 73 61 62 6c 65 20 66 | 6f 72 20 61 63 63 65 73 |usable f|or acces|
|00003440| 73 0a 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f | 6c 20 70 75 72 70 6f 73 |s.contro|l purpos|
|00003450| 65 73 2e 0a 0a 34 2e 32 | 20 2d 20 48 6f 73 74 20 |es...4.2| - Host |
|00003460| 6e 61 6d 65 20 73 70 6f | 6f 66 69 6e 67 0a 2d 2d |name spo|ofing.--|
|00003470| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003480| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a | 57 69 74 68 20 73 6f 6d |------..|With som|
|00003490| 65 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 | 6b 20 61 70 70 6c 69 63 |e networ|k applic|
|000034a0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 | 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 |ations, |such as |
|000034b0| 52 53 48 20 6f 72 20 52 | 4c 4f 47 49 4e 2c 20 74 |RSH or R|LOGIN, t|
|000034c0| 68 65 20 63 6c 69 65 6e | 74 20 68 6f 73 74 0a 6e |he clien|t host.n|
|000034d0| 61 6d 65 20 70 6c 61 79 | 73 20 61 6e 20 69 6d 70 |ame play|s an imp|
|000034e0| 6f 72 74 61 6e 74 20 72 | 6f 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 74 |ortant r|ole in t|
|000034f0| 68 65 20 61 75 74 68 65 | 6e 74 69 63 61 74 69 6f |he authe|nticatio|
|00003500| 6e 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 | 73 2e 20 48 6f 73 74 20 |n proces|s. Host |
|00003510| 6e 61 6d 65 0a 69 6e 66 | 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e |name.inf|ormation|
|00003520| 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 | 72 65 6c 69 61 62 6c 65 | can be |reliable|
|00003530| 20 77 68 65 6e 20 6c 6f | 6f 6b 75 70 73 20 61 72 | when lo|okups ar|
|00003540| 65 20 64 6f 6e 65 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 61 20 5f 6c |e done f|rom a _l|
|00003550| 6f 63 61 6c 5f 20 68 6f | 73 74 73 0a 74 61 62 6c |ocal_ ho|sts.tabl|
|00003560| 65 2c 20 70 72 6f 76 69 | 64 65 64 20 74 68 61 74 |e, provi|ded that|
|00003570| 20 74 68 65 20 63 6c 69 | 65 6e 74 20 49 50 20 61 | the cli|ent IP a|
|00003580| 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 63 | 61 6e 20 62 65 20 74 72 |ddress c|an be tr|
|00003590| 75 73 74 65 64 2e 0a 0a | 57 69 74 68 20 5f 64 69 |usted...|With _di|
|000035a0| 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 | 64 5f 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 |stribute|d_ name |
|000035b0| 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 73 | 2c 20 61 75 74 68 65 6e |services|, authen|
|000035c0| 74 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 73 63 68 65 6d 65 73 |tication| schemes|
|000035d0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 72 65 | 6c 79 20 6f 6e 0a 68 6f | that re|ly on.ho|
|000035e0| 73 74 20 6e 61 6d 65 73 | 20 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 |st names| become |
|000035f0| 6d 6f 72 65 20 70 72 6f | 62 6c 65 6d 61 74 69 63 |more pro|blematic|
|00003600| 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 65 | 63 75 72 69 74 79 20 6f |. The se|curity o|
|00003610| 66 20 79 6f 75 72 20 73 | 79 73 74 65 6d 20 6e 6f |f your s|ystem no|
|00003620| 77 20 6d 61 79 0a 64 65 | 70 65 6e 64 20 6f 6e 20 |w may.de|pend on |
|00003630| 73 6f 6d 65 20 66 61 72 | 2d 61 77 61 79 20 44 4e |some far|-away DN|
|00003640| 53 20 28 64 6f 6d 61 69 | 6e 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 73 |S (domai|n name s|
|00003650| 65 72 76 65 72 29 20 6f | 75 74 73 69 64 65 20 79 |erver) o|utside y|
|00003660| 6f 75 72 20 6f 77 6e 0a | 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 2e |our own.|control.|
|00003670| 20 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 77 | 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 70 | ..The w|rapper p|
|00003680| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 | 76 65 72 69 66 79 20 74 |rograms |verify t|
|00003690| 68 65 20 63 6c 69 65 6e | 74 20 68 6f 73 74 20 6e |he clien|t host n|
|000036a0| 61 6d 65 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 69 73 20 72 65 74 75 |ame that| is retu|
|000036b0| 72 6e 65 64 20 62 79 0a | 74 68 65 20 61 64 64 72 |rned by.|the addr|
|000036c0| 65 73 73 2d 3e 6e 61 6d | 65 20 44 4e 53 20 73 65 |ess->nam|e DNS se|
|000036d0| 72 76 65 72 2c 20 62 79 | 20 61 73 6b 69 6e 67 20 |rver, by| asking |
|000036e0| 66 6f 72 20 61 20 73 65 | 63 6f 6e 64 20 6f 70 69 |for a se|cond opi|
|000036f0| 6e 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 54 | 6f 20 74 68 69 73 0a 65 |nion.  T|o this.e|
|00003700| 6e 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 |nd, the |programs|
|00003710| 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 61 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 6e 61 6d | look at| the nam|
|00003720| 65 20 61 6e 64 20 61 64 | 64 72 65 73 73 65 73 20 |e and ad|dresses |
|00003730| 74 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 | 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 65 |that are| returne|
|00003740| 64 20 62 79 0a 74 68 65 | 20 6e 61 6d 65 2d 3e 61 |d by.the| name->a|
|00003750| 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 44 | 4e 53 20 73 65 72 76 65 |ddress D|NS serve|
|00003760| 72 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 |r, which| may be |
|00003770| 61 6e 20 65 6e 74 69 72 | 65 6c 79 20 64 69 66 66 |an entir|ely diff|
|00003780| 65 72 65 6e 74 20 68 6f | 73 74 2e 20 0a 0a 49 66 |erent ho|st. ..If|
|00003790| 20 61 6e 79 20 6e 61 6d | 65 20 6f 72 20 61 64 64 | any nam|e or add|
|000037a0| 72 65 73 73 20 64 69 73 | 63 72 65 70 61 6e 63 69 |ress dis|crepanci|
|000037b0| 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 66 | 6f 75 6e 64 2c 20 6f 72 |es are f|ound, or|
|000037c0| 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 44 | if the |second D|
|000037d0| 4e 53 0a 6f 70 69 6e 69 | 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 6e 6f |NS.opini|on is no|
|000037e0| 74 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 | 62 6c 65 2c 20 74 68 65 |t availa|ble, the|
|000037f0| 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 | 73 20 61 73 73 75 6d 65 | wrapper|s assume|
|00003800| 20 74 68 61 74 20 6f 6e | 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | that on|e of the|
|00003810| 20 74 77 6f 20 6e 61 6d | 65 0a 73 65 72 76 65 72 | two nam|e.server|
|00003820| 73 20 69 73 20 6c 79 69 | 6e 67 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |s is lyi|ng, and |
|00003830| 61 73 73 75 6d 65 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 |assume t|hat the |
|00003840| 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 68 | 6f 73 74 20 70 72 65 74 |client h|ost pret|
|00003850| 65 6e 64 73 20 74 6f 20 | 68 61 76 65 0a 73 6f 6d |ends to |have.som|
|00003860| 65 6f 6e 65 20 65 6c 73 | 65 73 20 68 6f 73 74 20 |eone els|es host |
|00003870| 6e 61 6d 65 2e 0a 0a 57 | 68 65 6e 20 63 6f 6d 70 |name...W|hen comp|
|00003880| 69 6c 65 64 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 2d 44 50 41 52 41 |iled wit|h -DPARA|
|00003890| 4e 4f 49 44 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 |NOID, th|e wrappe|
|000038a0| 72 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | 61 6c 77 61 79 73 20 61 |rs will |always a|
|000038b0| 74 74 65 6d 70 74 20 74 | 6f 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 0a 75 |ttempt t|o look.u|
|000038c0| 70 20 61 6e 64 20 64 6f | 75 62 6c 65 20 63 68 65 |p and do|uble che|
|000038d0| 63 6b 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 68 6f |ck the c|lient ho|
|000038e0| 73 74 20 6e 61 6d 65 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 77 69 6c |st name,| and wil|
|000038f0| 6c 20 61 6c 77 61 79 73 | 20 72 65 66 75 73 65 0a |l always| refuse.|
|00003900| 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 20 | 69 6e 20 63 61 73 65 20 |service |in case |
|00003910| 6f 66 20 61 20 68 6f 73 | 74 20 6e 61 6d 65 2f 61 |of a hos|t name/a|
|00003920| 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 64 | 69 73 63 72 65 70 61 6e |ddress d|iscrepan|
|00003930| 63 79 2e 20 20 54 68 69 | 73 20 69 73 20 61 0a 72 |cy.  Thi|s is a.r|
|00003940| 65 61 73 6f 6e 61 62 6c | 65 20 70 6f 6c 69 63 79 |easonabl|e policy|
|00003950| 20 66 6f 72 20 6d 6f 73 | 74 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d | for mos|t system|
|00003960| 73 2e 0a 0a 57 68 65 6e | 20 63 6f 6d 70 69 6c 65 |s...When| compile|
|00003970| 64 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 | 74 20 2d 44 50 41 52 41 |d withou|t -DPARA|
|00003980| 4e 4f 49 44 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 |NOID, th|e wrappe|
|00003990| 72 73 20 62 79 20 64 65 | 66 61 75 6c 74 20 73 74 |rs by de|fault st|
|000039a0| 69 6c 6c 20 70 65 72 66 | 6f 72 6d 0a 68 6f 73 74 |ill perf|orm.host|
|000039b0| 6e 61 6d 65 20 6c 6f 6f | 6b 75 70 2e 20 59 6f 75 |name loo|kup. You|
|000039c0| 20 63 61 6e 20 6d 61 74 | 63 68 20 68 6f 73 74 73 | can mat|ch hosts|
|000039d0| 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 | 6e 61 6d 65 2f 61 64 64 | with a |name/add|
|000039e0| 72 65 73 73 20 64 69 73 | 63 72 65 70 61 6e 63 79 |ress dis|crepancy|
|000039f0| 0a 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 | 65 20 50 41 52 41 4e 4f |.with th|e PARANO|
|00003a00| 49 44 20 77 69 6c 64 63 | 61 72 64 20 61 6e 64 20 |ID wildc|ard and |
|00003a10| 64 65 63 69 64 65 20 77 | 68 65 74 68 65 72 20 6f |decide w|hether o|
|00003a20| 72 20 6e 6f 74 20 74 6f | 20 67 72 61 6e 74 20 73 |r not to| grant s|
|00003a30| 65 72 76 69 63 65 2e 0a | 0a 41 75 74 6f 6d 61 74 |ervice..|.Automat|
|00003a40| 69 63 20 68 6f 73 74 6e | 61 6d 65 20 76 65 72 69 |ic hostn|ame veri|
|00003a50| 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 69 73 20 65 6e 61 62 |fication| is enab|
|00003a60| 6c 65 64 20 62 79 20 64 | 65 66 61 75 6c 74 2e 20 |led by d|efault. |
|00003a70| 41 75 74 6f 6d 61 74 69 | 63 0a 68 6f 73 74 6e 61 |Automati|c.hostna|
|00003a80| 6d 65 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 | 70 73 20 61 6e 64 20 76 |me looku|ps and v|
|00003a90| 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 63 61 6e 20 |erificat|ion can |
|00003aa0| 62 65 20 74 75 72 6e 65 | 64 20 6f 66 66 20 62 79 |be turne|d off by|
|00003ab0| 20 65 64 69 74 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 0a 4d 61 6b | editing| the.Mak|
|00003ac0| 65 66 69 6c 65 2e 20 54 | 68 65 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 |efile. T|he confi|
|00003ad0| 67 75 72 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 61 6e 64 20 69 6e 73 |guration| and ins|
|00003ae0| 74 61 6c 6c 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f |tallatio|n sectio|
|00003af0| 6e 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 20 | 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 |n below |describe|
|00003b00| 73 0a 74 68 65 20 4d 61 | 6b 65 66 69 6c 65 20 65 |s.the Ma|kefile e|
|00003b10| 64 69 74 69 6e 67 20 70 | 72 6f 63 65 73 73 2e 0a |diting p|rocess..|
|00003b20| 0a 34 2e 33 20 2d 20 48 | 6f 73 74 20 61 64 64 72 |.4.3 - H|ost addr|
|00003b30| 65 73 73 20 73 70 6f 6f | 66 69 6e 67 0a 2d 2d 2d |ess spoo|fing.---|
|00003b40| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003b50| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 0a 0a 57 68 69 6c 65 20 |--------|..While |
|00003b60| 68 6f 73 74 20 6e 61 6d | 65 20 73 70 6f 6f 66 69 |host nam|e spoofi|
|00003b70| 6e 67 20 63 61 6e 20 62 | 65 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 |ng can b|e found |
|00003b80| 6f 75 74 20 62 79 20 61 | 73 6b 69 6e 67 20 61 20 |out by a|sking a |
|00003b90| 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 6f | 70 69 6e 69 6f 6e 2c 0a |second o|pinion,.|
|00003ba0| 69 74 20 69 73 20 6d 75 | 63 68 20 68 61 72 64 65 |it is mu|ch harde|
|00003bb0| 72 20 74 6f 20 66 69 6e | 64 20 6f 75 74 20 74 68 |r to fin|d out th|
|00003bc0| 61 74 20 61 20 68 6f 73 | 74 20 63 6c 61 69 6d 73 |at a hos|t claims|
|00003bd0| 20 74 6f 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 73 6f 6d 65 6f 6e 65 | to have| someone|
|00003be0| 20 65 6c 73 65 73 0a 6e | 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 61 | elses.n|etwork a|
|00003bf0| 64 64 72 65 73 73 2e 20 | 41 6e 64 20 73 69 6e 63 |ddress. |And sinc|
|00003c00| 65 20 68 6f 73 74 20 6e | 61 6d 65 73 20 61 72 65 |e host n|ames are|
|00003c10| 20 64 65 64 75 63 65 64 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 6e 65 | deduced| from ne|
|00003c20| 74 77 6f 72 6b 0a 61 64 | 64 72 65 73 73 65 73 2c |twork.ad|dresses,|
|00003c30| 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 | 20 73 70 6f 6f 66 69 6e | address| spoofin|
|00003c40| 67 20 69 73 20 61 74 20 | 6c 65 61 73 74 20 61 73 |g is at |least as|
|00003c50| 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 69 | 76 65 20 61 73 20 6e 61 | effecti|ve as na|
|00003c60| 6d 65 20 73 70 6f 6f 66 | 69 6e 67 2e 0a 0a 54 68 |me spoof|ing...Th|
|00003c70| 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 | 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |e wrappe|r progra|
|00003c80| 6d 73 20 63 61 6e 20 67 | 69 76 65 20 61 64 64 69 |ms can g|ive addi|
|00003c90| 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 70 | 72 6f 74 65 63 74 69 6f |tional p|rotectio|
|00003ca0| 6e 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 | 74 20 68 6f 73 74 73 20 |n agains|t hosts |
|00003cb0| 74 68 61 74 0a 63 6c 61 | 69 6d 20 74 6f 20 68 61 |that.cla|im to ha|
|00003cc0| 76 65 20 61 6e 20 61 64 | 64 72 65 73 73 20 74 68 |ve an ad|dress th|
|00003cd0| 61 74 20 6c 69 65 73 20 | 6f 75 74 73 69 64 65 20 |at lies |outside |
|00003ce0| 74 68 65 69 72 20 6f 77 | 6e 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 |their ow|n networ|
|00003cf0| 6b 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 0a | 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c |k.  For.|example,|
|00003d00| 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 66 61 | 72 2d 61 77 61 79 20 68 | some fa|r-away h|
|00003d10| 6f 73 74 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 63 6c 61 69 6d 73 20 |ost that| claims |
|00003d20| 74 6f 20 62 65 20 61 20 | 74 72 75 73 74 65 64 20 |to be a |trusted |
|00003d30| 68 6f 73 74 20 77 69 74 | 68 69 6e 0a 79 6f 75 72 |host wit|hin.your|
|00003d40| 20 6f 77 6e 20 6e 65 74 | 77 6f 72 6b 2e 20 53 75 | own net|work. Su|
|00003d50| 63 68 20 74 68 69 6e 67 | 73 20 61 72 65 20 70 6f |ch thing|s are po|
|00003d60| 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 65 | 76 65 6e 20 77 68 69 6c |ssible e|ven whil|
|00003d70| 65 20 74 68 65 20 69 6d | 70 65 72 73 6f 6e 61 74 |e the im|personat|
|00003d80| 65 64 0a 73 79 73 74 65 | 6d 20 69 73 20 75 70 20 |ed.syste|m is up |
|00003d90| 61 6e 64 20 72 75 6e 6e | 69 6e 67 2e 0a 0a 54 68 |and runn|ing...Th|
|00003da0| 69 73 20 61 64 64 69 74 | 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 70 72 |is addit|ional pr|
|00003db0| 6f 74 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 |otection| is not |
|00003dc0| 61 6e 20 69 6e 76 65 6e | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 |an inven|tion of |
|00003dd0| 6d 79 20 6f 77 6e 3b 20 | 69 74 20 68 61 73 20 62 |my own; |it has b|
|00003de0| 65 65 6e 0a 70 72 65 73 | 65 6e 74 20 66 6f 72 20 |een.pres|ent for |
|00003df0| 61 74 20 6c 65 61 73 74 | 20 66 69 76 65 20 79 65 |at least| five ye|
|00003e00| 61 72 73 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 42 53 44 20 72 |ars in t|he BSD r|
|00003e10| 73 68 20 61 6e 64 20 72 | 6c 6f 67 69 6e 20 64 61 |sh and r|login da|
|00003e20| 65 6d 6f 6e 73 2e 0a 55 | 6e 66 6f 72 74 75 6e 61 |emons..U|nfortuna|
|00003e30| 74 65 6c 79 2c 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 66 65 61 74 75 |tely, th|at featu|
|00003e40| 72 65 20 77 61 73 20 61 | 64 64 65 64 20 2a 61 66 |re was a|dded *af|
|00003e50| 74 65 72 2a 20 34 2e 33 | 20 42 53 44 20 63 61 6d |ter* 4.3| BSD cam|
|00003e60| 65 20 6f 75 74 2c 20 73 | 6f 20 74 68 61 74 0a 76 |e out, s|o that.v|
|00003e70| 65 72 79 20 66 65 77 2c | 20 69 66 20 61 6e 79 2c |ery few,| if any,|
|00003e80| 20 55 4e 49 58 20 76 65 | 6e 64 6f 72 73 20 68 61 | UNIX ve|ndors ha|
|00003e90| 76 65 20 61 64 6f 70 74 | 65 64 20 69 74 2e 20 20 |ve adopt|ed it.  |
|00003ea0| 4f 75 72 20 73 69 74 65 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 61 |Our site|, and ma|
|00003eb0| 6e 79 0a 6f 74 68 65 72 | 20 6f 6e 65 73 2c 20 68 |ny.other| ones, h|
|00003ec0| 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 | 72 75 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 |as been |running |
|00003ed0| 74 68 65 73 65 20 65 6e | 68 61 6e 63 65 64 20 64 |these en|hanced d|
|00003ee0| 61 65 6d 6f 6e 73 20 66 | 6f 72 20 73 65 76 65 72 |aemons f|or sever|
|00003ef0| 61 6c 20 79 65 61 72 73 | 2c 0a 61 6e 64 20 77 69 |al years|,.and wi|
|00003f00| 74 68 6f 75 74 20 61 6e | 79 20 69 6c 6c 20 65 66 |thout an|y ill ef|
|00003f10| 66 65 63 74 73 2e 0a 0a | 57 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 |fects...|When the|
|00003f20| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 73 20 61 72 65 20 63 6f | program|s are co|
|00003f30| 6d 70 69 6c 65 64 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 2d 44 4b 49 |mpiled w|ith -DKI|
|00003f40| 4c 4c 5f 49 50 5f 4f 50 | 54 49 4f 4e 53 2c 20 73 |LL_IP_OP|TIONS, s|
|00003f50| 6f 75 72 63 65 20 72 6f | 75 74 69 6e 67 0a 77 69 |ource ro|uting.wi|
|00003f60| 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 64 69 | 73 61 62 6c 65 64 20 66 |ll be di|sabled f|
|00003f70| 6f 72 20 61 6c 6c 20 54 | 43 50 20 63 6f 6e 6e 65 |or all T|CP conne|
|00003f80| 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 |ctions t|hat are |
|00003f90| 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 64 20 | 62 79 20 74 68 65 0a 77 |handled |by the.w|
|00003fa0| 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 2e |rapper p|rograms.|
|00003fb0| 0a 0a 49 66 20 79 6f 75 | 20 61 72 65 20 67 6f 69 |..If you| are goi|
|00003fc0| 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 75 73 | 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 66 |ng to us|e this f|
|00003fd0| 65 61 74 75 72 65 20 6f | 6e 20 53 75 6e 4f 53 20 |eature o|n SunOS |
|00003fe0| 34 2e 31 2e 78 20 79 6f | 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 |4.1.x yo|u should|
|00003ff0| 20 61 70 70 6c 79 0a 70 | 61 74 63 68 20 31 30 30 | apply.p|atch 100|
|00004000| 38 30 34 2d 30 33 2b 20 | 6f 72 20 31 30 31 37 39 |804-03+ |or 10179|
|00004010| 30 2d 73 6f 6d 65 74 68 | 69 6e 67 20 64 65 70 65 |0-someth|ing depe|
|00004020| 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e | 20 79 6f 75 72 20 53 75 |nding on| your Su|
|00004030| 6e 4f 53 20 76 65 72 73 | 69 6f 6e 2e 0a 4f 74 68 |nOS vers|ion..Oth|
|00004040| 65 72 77 69 73 65 20 79 | 6f 75 20 6d 61 79 20 65 |erwise y|ou may e|
|00004050| 78 70 65 72 69 65 6e 63 | 65 20 22 42 41 44 20 54 |xperienc|e "BAD T|
|00004060| 52 41 50 22 20 61 6e 64 | 20 22 44 61 74 61 20 66 |RAP" and| "Data f|
|00004070| 61 75 6c 74 22 20 70 61 | 6e 69 63 73 20 77 68 65 |ault" pa|nics whe|
|00004080| 6e 0a 74 68 65 20 67 65 | 74 73 6f 63 6b 6f 70 74 |n.the ge|tsockopt|
|00004090| 28 29 20 73 79 73 74 65 | 6d 20 63 61 6c 6c 20 69 |() syste|m call i|
|000040a0| 73 20 65 78 65 63 75 74 | 65 64 20 61 66 74 65 72 |s execut|ed after|
|000040b0| 20 61 20 54 43 50 20 52 | 45 53 45 54 20 68 61 73 | a TCP R|ESET has|
|000040c0| 20 62 65 65 6e 0a 72 65 | 63 65 69 76 65 64 2e 20 | been.re|ceived. |
|000040d0| 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 | 61 20 6b 65 72 6e 65 6c |This is |a kernel|
|000040e0| 20 62 75 67 2c 20 69 74 | 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 | bug, it| is not |
|000040f0| 74 68 65 20 66 61 75 6c | 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |the faul|t of the|
|00004100| 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 | 73 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 | wrapper|s...The |
|00004110| 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 20 | 69 73 20 64 69 73 61 62 |feature |is disab|
|00004120| 6c 65 64 20 62 79 20 64 | 65 66 61 75 6c 74 2e 20 |led by d|efault. |
|00004130| 49 74 20 63 61 6e 20 62 | 65 20 74 75 72 6e 65 64 |It can b|e turned|
|00004140| 20 6f 6e 20 62 79 20 65 | 64 69 74 69 6e 67 20 74 | on by e|diting t|
|00004150| 68 65 0a 4d 61 6b 65 66 | 69 6c 65 2e 20 20 54 68 |he.Makef|ile.  Th|
|00004160| 65 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 67 | 75 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |e config|uration |
|00004170| 61 6e 64 20 69 6e 73 74 | 61 6c 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e |and inst|allation|
|00004180| 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 20 64 | section| below d|
|00004190| 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 73 | 0a 74 68 65 20 4d 61 6b |escribes|.the Mak|
|000041a0| 65 66 69 6c 65 20 65 64 | 69 74 69 6e 67 20 70 72 |efile ed|iting pr|
|000041b0| 6f 63 65 73 73 2e 0a 0a | 55 44 50 20 73 65 72 76 |ocess...|UDP serv|
|000041c0| 69 63 65 73 20 64 6f 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 6e 65 |ices do |not bene|
|000041d0| 66 69 74 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 74 68 69 73 20 61 64 |fit from| this ad|
|000041e0| 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c | 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 |ditional| protect|
|000041f0| 69 6f 6e 2e 20 57 69 74 | 68 20 55 44 50 2c 0a 61 |ion. Wit|h UDP,.a|
|00004200| 6c 6c 20 79 6f 75 20 63 | 61 6e 20 62 65 20 63 65 |ll you c|an be ce|
|00004210| 72 74 61 69 6e 20 6f 66 | 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 |rtain of| is the |
|00004220| 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 | 70 61 63 6b 65 74 27 73 |network |packet's|
|00004230| 20 64 65 73 74 69 6e 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 64 64 | destina|tion add|
|00004240| 72 65 73 73 2e 0a 0a 34 | 2e 34 20 2d 20 43 6c 69 |ress...4|.4 - Cli|
|00004250| 65 6e 74 20 75 73 65 72 | 6e 61 6d 65 20 6c 6f 6f |ent user|name loo|
|00004260| 6b 75 70 73 0a 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |kups.---|--------|
|00004270| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004280| 2d 2d 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 | 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f 6c |--..The |protocol|
|00004290| 20 70 72 6f 70 6f 73 65 | 64 20 69 6e 20 52 46 43 | propose|d in RFC|
|000042a0| 20 39 33 31 20 70 72 6f | 76 69 64 65 73 20 61 20 | 931 pro|vides a |
|000042b0| 6d 65 61 6e 73 20 74 6f | 20 6f 62 74 61 69 6e 20 |means to| obtain |
|000042c0| 74 68 65 20 63 6c 69 65 | 6e 74 0a 75 73 65 72 20 |the clie|nt.user |
|000042d0| 6e 61 6d 65 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 74 68 65 20 63 6c |name fro|m the cl|
|000042e0| 69 65 6e 74 20 68 6f 73 | 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 |ient hos|t.  The |
|000042f0| 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 6d | 65 6e 74 20 69 73 20 74 |requirem|ent is t|
|00004300| 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 0a 68 |hat the |client.h|
|00004310| 6f 73 74 20 72 75 6e 73 | 20 61 6e 20 52 46 43 20 |ost runs| an RFC |
|00004320| 39 33 31 2d 63 6f 6d 70 | 6c 69 61 6e 74 20 64 61 |931-comp|liant da|
|00004330| 65 6d 6f 6e 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d |emon. Th|e inform|
|00004340| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 70 72 | 6f 76 69 64 65 64 20 62 |ation pr|ovided b|
|00004350| 79 20 73 75 63 68 0a 61 | 20 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 |y such.a| daemon |
|00004360| 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 69 | 6e 74 65 6e 64 65 64 20 |is not i|ntended |
|00004370| 74 6f 20 62 65 20 75 73 | 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 61 |to be us|ed for a|
|00004380| 75 74 68 65 6e 74 69 63 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 70 75 |uthentic|ation pu|
|00004390| 72 70 6f 73 65 73 2c 20 | 62 75 74 20 69 74 0a 63 |rposes, |but it.c|
|000043a0| 61 6e 20 70 72 6f 76 69 | 64 65 20 61 64 64 69 74 |an provi|de addit|
|000043b0| 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 69 6e | 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f |ional in|formatio|
|000043c0| 6e 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 6f 77 6e 65 |n about |the owne|
|000043d0| 72 20 6f 66 20 61 20 54 | 43 50 20 63 6f 6e 6e 65 |r of a T|CP conne|
|000043e0| 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e 0a 0a | 54 68 65 20 52 46 43 20 |ction...|The RFC |
|000043f0| 39 33 31 20 70 72 6f 74 | 6f 63 6f 6c 20 68 61 73 |931 prot|ocol has|
|00004400| 20 64 69 76 65 72 67 65 | 64 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 64 | diverge|d into d|
|00004410| 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 | 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 69 |ifferent| directi|
|00004420| 6f 6e 73 20 28 49 44 45 | 4e 54 2c 0a 54 41 50 2c |ons (IDE|NT,.TAP,|
|00004430| 20 52 46 43 20 31 34 31 | 33 29 2e 20 54 6f 20 61 | RFC 141|3). To a|
|00004440| 64 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 6f 6e 66 75 73 |dd to th|e confus|
|00004450| 69 6f 6e 2c 20 74 68 65 | 79 20 61 6c 6c 20 75 73 |ion, the|y all us|
|00004460| 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 | 6d 65 20 6e 65 74 77 6f |e the sa|me netwo|
|00004470| 72 6b 0a 70 6f 72 74 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 64 61 |rk.port.|  The da|
|00004480| 65 6d 6f 6e 20 77 72 61 | 70 70 65 72 73 20 69 6d |emon wra|ppers im|
|00004490| 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 | 61 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e |plement |a common|
|000044a0| 20 73 75 62 73 65 74 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 | subset |of the p|
|000044b0| 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f 6c 73 | 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 72 65 |rotocols|...There|
|000044c0| 20 61 72 65 20 73 6f 6d | 65 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 61 | are som|e limita|
|000044d0| 74 69 6f 6e 73 3a 20 74 | 68 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 |tions: t|he numbe|
|000044e0| 72 20 6f 66 20 68 6f 73 | 74 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 |r of hos|ts that |
|000044f0| 72 75 6e 20 61 6e 20 52 | 46 43 20 39 33 31 20 28 |run an R|FC 931 (|
|00004500| 6f 72 0a 63 6f 6d 70 61 | 74 69 62 6c 65 29 20 64 |or.compa|tible) d|
|00004510| 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 69 73 | 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 65 64 |aemon is| limited|
|00004520| 20 28 62 75 74 20 67 72 | 6f 77 69 6e 67 29 3b 20 | (but gr|owing); |
|00004530| 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 75 | 73 65 72 20 6e 61 6d 65 |client u|ser name|
|00004540| 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 70 73 | 0a 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 | lookups|.do not |
|00004550| 77 6f 72 6b 20 66 6f 72 | 20 64 61 74 61 67 72 61 |work for| datagra|
|00004560| 6d 20 28 55 44 50 29 20 | 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 73 |m (UDP) |services|
|00004570| 2e 20 4d 6f 72 65 20 73 | 65 72 69 6f 75 73 6c 79 |. More s|eriously|
|00004580| 2c 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 | 20 75 73 65 72 0a 6e 61 |, client| user.na|
|00004590| 6d 65 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 | 70 73 20 63 61 6e 20 63 |me looku|ps can c|
|000045a0| 61 75 73 65 20 6e 6f 74 | 69 63 65 61 62 6c 65 20 |ause not|iceable |
|000045b0| 64 65 6c 61 79 73 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 63 6f 6e 6e |delays w|ith conn|
|000045c0| 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 6e 6f 6e |ections |from non|
|000045d0| 2d 55 4e 49 58 0a 50 43 | 73 2e 20 52 65 63 65 6e |-UNIX.PC|s. Recen|
|000045e0| 74 20 50 43 20 73 6f 66 | 74 77 61 72 65 20 73 65 |t PC sof|tware se|
|000045f0| 65 6d 20 74 6f 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 66 69 78 65 64 |em to ha|ve fixed|
|00004600| 20 74 68 69 73 20 28 66 | 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 | this (f|or examp|
|00004610| 6c 65 20 4e 43 53 41 0a | 74 65 6c 6e 65 74 29 2e |le NCSA.|telnet).|
|00004620| 20 54 68 65 20 77 72 61 | 70 70 65 72 73 20 75 73 | The wra|ppers us|
|00004630| 65 20 61 20 31 30 2d 73 | 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 74 69 |e a 10-s|econd ti|
|00004640| 6d 65 6f 75 74 20 66 6f | 72 20 52 46 43 39 33 31 |meout fo|r RFC931|
|00004650| 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 70 73 | 2c 20 74 6f 0a 61 63 63 | lookups|, to.acc|
|00004660| 6f 6d 6d 6f 64 61 74 65 | 20 73 6c 6f 77 20 6e 65 |ommodate| slow ne|
|00004670| 74 77 6f 72 6b 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 73 6c 6f 77 20 |tworks a|nd slow |
|00004680| 68 6f 73 74 73 2e 0a 0a | 42 79 20 64 65 66 61 75 |hosts...|By defau|
|00004690| 6c 74 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 73 |lt, the |wrappers|
|000046a0| 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 64 6f | 20 75 73 65 72 6e 61 6d | will do| usernam|
|000046b0| 65 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 70 | 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 77 68 |e lookup| only wh|
|000046c0| 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 61 | 63 63 65 73 73 0a 63 6f |en the a|ccess.co|
|000046d0| 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 72 75 | 6c 65 73 20 72 65 71 75 |ntrol ru|les requ|
|000046e0| 69 72 65 20 74 68 65 6d | 20 74 6f 20 64 6f 20 73 |ire them| to do s|
|000046f0| 6f 20 28 76 69 61 20 75 | 73 65 72 40 68 6f 73 74 |o (via u|ser@host|
|00004700| 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 | 70 61 74 74 65 72 6e 73 | client |patterns|
|00004710| 2c 20 73 65 65 0a 74 68 | 65 20 68 6f 73 74 73 5f |, see.th|e hosts_|
|00004720| 61 63 63 65 73 73 2e 35 | 20 6d 61 6e 75 61 6c 20 |access.5| manual |
|00004730| 70 61 67 65 29 20 6f 72 | 20 77 68 65 6e 20 74 68 |page) or| when th|
|00004740| 65 20 75 73 65 72 6e 61 | 6d 65 20 69 73 20 6e 65 |e userna|me is ne|
|00004750| 65 64 65 64 20 66 6f 72 | 0a 25 3c 6c 65 74 74 65 |eded for|.%<lette|
|00004760| 72 3e 20 65 78 70 61 6e | 73 69 6f 6e 73 2e 0a 0a |r> expan|sions...|
|00004770| 59 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 | 63 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 72 |You can |configur|
|00004780| 65 20 74 68 65 20 77 72 | 61 70 70 65 72 73 20 74 |e the wr|appers t|
|00004790| 6f 20 61 6c 77 61 79 73 | 20 70 65 72 66 6f 72 6d |o always| perform|
|000047a0| 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 | 75 73 65 72 6e 61 6d 65 | client |username|
|000047b0| 0a 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 70 73 | 2c 20 62 79 20 65 64 69 |.lookups|, by edi|
|000047c0| 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 4d 61 6b 65 66 69 6c |ting the| Makefil|
|000047d0| 65 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 75 |e.  The |client u|
|000047e0| 73 65 72 6e 61 6d 65 20 | 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 70 20 74 |sername |lookup t|
|000047f0| 69 6d 65 6f 75 74 0a 70 | 65 72 69 6f 64 20 28 31 |imeout.p|eriod (1|
|00004800| 30 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 | 73 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c |0 second|s defaul|
|00004810| 74 29 20 63 61 6e 20 62 | 65 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 |t) can b|e change|
|00004820| 64 20 62 79 20 65 64 69 | 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |d by edi|ting the|
|00004830| 20 4d 61 6b 65 66 69 6c | 65 2e 20 54 68 65 0a 69 | Makefil|e. The.i|
|00004840| 6e 73 74 61 6c 6c 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 73 65 63 74 |nstallat|ion sect|
|00004850| 69 6f 6e 73 20 62 65 6c | 6f 77 20 64 65 73 63 72 |ions bel|ow descr|
|00004860| 69 62 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 4d 61 6b 65 66 69 6c 65 |ibe the |Makefile|
|00004870| 20 65 64 69 74 69 6e 67 | 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 | editing| process|
|00004880| 2e 0a 0a 4f 6e 20 53 79 | 73 74 65 6d 20 56 20 77 |...On Sy|stem V w|
|00004890| 69 74 68 20 54 4c 49 2d | 62 61 73 65 64 20 6e 65 |ith TLI-|based ne|
|000048a0| 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 73 65 | 72 76 69 63 65 73 2c 20 |twork se|rvices, |
|000048b0| 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 75 | 73 65 72 6e 61 6d 65 20 |client u|sername |
|000048c0| 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 70 73 0a | 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 |lookups.|will be |
|000048d0| 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 | 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 77 68 |possible| only wh|
|000048e0| 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 75 | 6e 64 65 72 6c 79 69 6e |en the u|nderlyin|
|000048f0| 67 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 | 6b 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 |g networ|k protoc|
|00004900| 6f 6c 20 69 73 20 54 43 | 50 2f 49 50 2e 0a 0a 34 |ol is TC|P/IP...4|
|00004910| 2e 35 20 2d 20 4c 61 6e | 67 75 61 67 65 20 65 78 |.5 - Lan|guage ex|
|00004920| 74 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e 73 | 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |tensions|.-------|
|00004930| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004940| 2d 2d 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 | 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 73 |--..The |wrappers|
|00004950| 20 73 70 6f 72 74 20 6f | 6e 6c 79 20 61 20 6c 69 | sport o|nly a li|
|00004960| 6d 69 74 65 64 20 6e 75 | 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 |mited nu|mber of |
|00004970| 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 73 | 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 |features|. This i|
|00004980| 73 20 66 6f 72 20 61 0a | 67 6f 6f 64 20 72 65 61 |s for a.|good rea|
|00004990| 73 6f 6e 3a 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 73 20 74 68 |son: pro|grams th|
|000049a0| 61 74 20 72 75 6e 20 61 | 74 20 68 69 67 68 20 70 |at run a|t high p|
|000049b0| 72 69 76 69 6c 65 67 65 | 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 73 20 |rivilege| levels |
|000049c0| 6d 75 73 74 20 62 65 20 | 65 61 73 79 20 74 6f 0a |must be |easy to.|
|000049d0| 76 65 72 69 66 79 2e 20 | 41 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 |verify. |And the |
|000049e0| 73 6d 61 6c 6c 65 72 20 | 61 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |smaller |a progra|
|000049f0| 6d 2c 20 74 68 65 20 65 | 61 73 69 65 72 20 74 6f |m, the e|asier to|
|00004a00| 20 76 65 72 69 66 79 2e | 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 69 | verify.| There i|
|00004a10| 73 2c 0a 68 6f 77 65 76 | 65 72 2c 20 61 20 70 72 |s,.howev|er, a pr|
|00004a20| 6f 76 69 73 69 6f 6e 20 | 74 6f 20 61 64 64 20 66 |ovision |to add f|
|00004a30| 65 61 74 75 72 65 73 2e | 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 6f 70 |eatures.|..The op|
|00004a40| 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 63 20 | 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 70 |tions.c |module p|
|00004a50| 72 6f 76 69 64 65 73 20 | 61 20 66 72 61 6d 65 77 |rovides |a framew|
|00004a60| 6f 72 6b 20 66 6f 72 20 | 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 |ork for |language|
|00004a70| 20 65 78 74 65 6e 73 69 | 6f 6e 73 2e 0a 51 75 69 | extensi|ons..Qui|
|00004a80| 74 65 20 61 20 66 65 77 | 20 65 78 74 65 6e 73 69 |te a few| extensi|
|00004a90| 6f 6e 73 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 61 6c 72 65 61 64 79 |ons have| already|
|00004aa0| 20 62 65 65 6e 20 69 6d | 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 65 | been im|plemente|
|00004ab0| 64 3b 20 74 68 65 79 20 | 61 72 65 0a 64 6f 63 75 |d; they |are.docu|
|00004ac0| 6d 65 6e 74 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 68 6f |mented i|n the ho|
|00004ad0| 73 74 73 5f 6f 70 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 2e 35 20 64 6f |sts_opti|ons.5 do|
|00004ae0| 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 2c 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 |cument, |which is|
|00004af0| 20 69 6e 20 60 6e 72 6f | 66 66 20 2d 6d 61 6e 27 | in `nro|ff -man'|
|00004b00| 0a 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 2e | 20 45 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 |.format.| Example|
|00004b10| 73 3a 20 63 68 61 6e 67 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 |s: chang|ing the |
|00004b20| 73 65 76 65 72 69 74 79 | 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 61 |severity| level a|
|00004b30| 74 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 | 61 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 |t which |a reques|
|00004b40| 74 20 66 6f 72 0a 73 65 | 72 76 69 63 65 20 69 73 |t for.se|rvice is|
|00004b50| 20 6c 6f 67 67 65 64 3b | 20 22 61 6c 6c 6f 77 22 | logged;| "allow"|
|00004b60| 20 61 6e 64 20 22 64 65 | 6e 79 22 20 6b 65 79 77 | and "de|ny" keyw|
|00004b70| 6f 72 64 73 3b 20 72 75 | 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 61 20 |ords; ru|nning a |
|00004b80| 63 75 73 74 6f 6d 69 7a | 65 64 0a 73 65 72 76 65 |customiz|ed.serve|
|00004b90| 72 20 69 6e 73 74 65 61 | 64 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |r instea|d of the|
|00004ba0| 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 | 64 20 6f 6e 65 3b 20 6d | standar|d one; m|
|00004bb0| 61 6e 79 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 73 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 |any othe|rs...The|
|00004bc0| 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 | 65 20 65 78 74 65 6e 73 | languag|e extens|
|00004bd0| 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 | 20 6e 6f 74 20 65 6e 61 |ions are| not ena|
|00004be0| 62 6c 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 |bled by |default |
|00004bf0| 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 | 74 68 65 79 0a 69 6e 74 |because |they.int|
|00004c00| 72 6f 64 75 63 65 20 61 | 6e 20 69 6e 63 6f 6d 70 |roduce a|n incomp|
|00004c10| 61 74 69 62 6c 65 20 63 | 68 61 6e 67 65 20 74 6f |atible c|hange to|
|00004c20| 20 74 68 65 20 61 63 63 | 65 73 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 | the acc|ess cont|
|00004c30| 72 6f 6c 20 6c 61 6e 67 | 75 61 67 65 0a 73 79 6e |rol lang|uage.syn|
|00004c40| 74 61 78 2e 20 20 49 6e | 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f |tax.  In|structio|
|00004c50| 6e 73 20 74 6f 20 65 6e | 61 62 6c 65 20 74 68 65 |ns to en|able the|
|00004c60| 20 65 78 74 65 6e 73 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 20 | extensi|ons are |
|00004c70| 67 69 76 65 6e 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 0a 4d 61 6b |given in| the.Mak|
|00004c80| 65 66 69 6c 65 2e 0a 0a | 34 2e 36 20 2d 20 4d 75 |efile...|4.6 - Mu|
|00004c90| 6c 74 69 70 6c 65 20 66 | 74 70 2f 67 6f 70 68 65 |ltiple f|tp/gophe|
|00004ca0| 72 2f 77 77 77 20 61 72 | 63 68 69 76 65 73 20 6f |r/www ar|chives o|
|00004cb0| 6e 20 6f 6e 65 20 68 6f | 73 74 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |n one ho|st.-----|
|00004cc0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004cd0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004ce0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a 49 |--------|-----..I|
|00004cf0| 6d 61 67 69 6e 65 20 6f | 6e 65 20 68 6f 73 74 20 |magine o|ne host |
|00004d00| 77 69 74 68 20 6d 75 6c | 74 69 70 6c 65 20 69 6e |with mul|tiple in|
|00004d10| 74 65 72 6e 65 74 20 61 | 64 64 72 65 73 73 65 73 |ternet a|ddresses|
|00004d20| 2e 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 | 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 65 |. These |addresse|
|00004d30| 73 20 64 6f 0a 6e 6f 74 | 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 6f |s do.not| need to|
|00004d40| 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 69 | have th|e same i|
|00004d50| 6e 74 65 72 6e 65 74 20 | 68 6f 73 74 6e 61 6d 65 |nternet |hostname|
|00004d60| 2e 20 54 68 75 73 2c 20 | 69 74 20 69 73 20 70 6f |. Thus, |it is po|
|00004d70| 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 74 | 6f 0a 6f 66 66 65 72 20 |ssible t|o.offer |
|00004d80| 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 73 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 64 69 |services| with di|
|00004d90| 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 20 | 69 6e 74 65 72 6e 65 74 |fferent |internet|
|00004da0| 20 68 6f 73 74 6e 61 6d | 65 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | hostnam|es from |
|00004db0| 6a 75 73 74 20 6f 6e 65 | 20 68 6f 73 74 2e 0a 0a |just one| host...|
|00004dc0| 53 65 72 76 69 63 65 20 | 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 72 |Service |provider|
|00004dd0| 73 20 63 61 6e 20 75 73 | 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 74 |s can us|e this t|
|00004de0| 6f 20 6f 66 66 65 72 20 | 6f 72 67 61 6e 69 7a 61 |o offer |organiza|
|00004df0| 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 20 | 70 72 65 73 65 6e 63 65 |tions a |presence|
|00004e00| 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 0a | 22 6e 65 74 22 20 77 69 | on the.|"net" wi|
|00004e10| 74 68 20 74 68 65 69 72 | 20 6f 77 6e 20 69 6e 74 |th their| own int|
|00004e20| 65 72 6e 65 74 20 68 6f | 73 74 6e 61 6d 65 2c 20 |ernet ho|stname, |
|00004e30| 65 76 65 6e 20 77 68 65 | 6e 20 74 68 6f 73 65 20 |even whe|n those |
|00004e40| 6f 72 67 61 6e 69 7a 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 0a 61 72 |organiza|tions.ar|
|00004e50| 65 6e 27 74 20 63 6f 6e | 6e 65 63 74 65 64 20 74 |en't con|nected t|
|00004e60| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 49 6e | 74 65 72 6e 65 74 20 61 |o the In|ternet a|
|00004e70| 74 20 61 6c 6c 2e 20 20 | 54 6f 20 74 68 65 20 65 |t all.  |To the e|
|00004e80| 6e 64 20 75 73 65 72 20 | 69 74 20 6d 61 6b 65 73 |nd user |it makes|
|00004e90| 20 6e 6f 0a 64 69 66 66 | 65 72 65 6e 63 65 2c 20 | no.diff|erence, |
|00004ea0| 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 | 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 |because |applicat|
|00004eb0| 69 6f 6e 73 20 75 73 65 | 20 69 6e 74 65 72 6e 65 |ions use| interne|
|00004ec0| 74 20 68 6f 73 74 6e 61 | 6d 65 73 2e 0a 0a 54 68 |t hostna|mes...Th|
|00004ed0| 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 | 73 65 76 65 72 61 6c 20 |ere are |several |
|00004ee0| 77 61 79 73 20 74 6f 20 | 61 73 73 69 67 6e 20 6d |ways to |assign m|
|00004ef0| 75 6c 74 69 70 6c 65 20 | 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 65 |ultiple |addresse|
|00004f00| 73 20 74 6f 20 6f 6e 65 | 20 6d 61 63 68 69 6e 65 |s to one| machine|
|00004f10| 2e 0a 54 68 65 20 6e 69 | 63 65 20 77 61 79 20 69 |..The ni|ce way i|
|00004f20| 73 20 74 6f 20 74 61 6b | 65 20 61 6e 20 65 78 69 |s to tak|e an exi|
|00004f30| 73 74 69 6e 67 20 6e 65 | 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 69 6e |sting ne|twork in|
|00004f40| 74 65 72 66 61 63 65 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 6f 20 61 |terface |and to a|
|00004f50| 73 73 69 67 6e 0a 61 64 | 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c |ssign.ad|ditional|
|00004f60| 20 69 6e 74 65 72 6e 65 | 74 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 | interne|t addres|
|00004f70| 73 65 73 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 74 68 65 20 60 69 66 |ses with| the `if|
|00004f80| 63 6f 6e 66 69 67 27 20 | 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 2e |config' |command.|
|00004f90| 20 45 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 | 73 3a 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 | Example|s:..    |
|00004fa0| 53 6f 6c 61 72 69 73 20 | 32 3a 09 69 66 63 6f 6e |Solaris |2:.ifcon|
|00004fb0| 66 69 67 20 6c 65 30 3a | 31 20 3c 61 64 64 72 65 |fig le0:|1 <addre|
|00004fc0| 73 73 3e 20 6e 65 74 6d | 61 73 6b 20 3c 6d 61 73 |ss> netm|ask <mas|
|00004fd0| 6b 3e 20 75 70 0a 20 20 | 20 20 34 2e 34 20 42 53 |k> up.  |  4.4 BS|
|00004fe0| 44 3a 09 69 66 63 6f 6e | 66 69 67 20 65 6e 30 20 |D:.ifcon|fig en0 |
|00004ff0| 61 6c 69 61 73 20 3c 61 | 64 64 72 65 73 73 3e 20 |alias <a|ddress> |
|00005000| 6e 65 74 6d 61 73 6b 20 | 3c 6d 61 73 6b 3e 0a 0a |netmask |<mask>..|
|00005010| 4f 6e 20 6f 74 68 65 72 | 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 73 |On other| systems|
|00005020| 20 6f 6e 65 20 68 61 73 | 20 74 6f 20 69 6e 63 72 | one has| to incr|
|00005030| 65 61 73 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 |ease the| number |
|00005040| 6f 66 20 6e 65 74 77 6f | 72 6b 20 69 6e 74 65 72 |of netwo|rk inter|
|00005050| 66 61 63 65 73 3a 0a 65 | 69 74 68 65 72 20 77 69 |faces:.e|ither wi|
|00005060| 74 68 20 68 61 72 64 77 | 61 72 65 20 69 6e 74 65 |th hardw|are inte|
|00005070| 72 66 61 63 65 73 2c 20 | 6f 72 20 77 69 74 68 20 |rfaces, |or with |
|00005080| 70 73 65 75 64 6f 20 69 | 6e 74 65 72 66 61 63 65 |pseudo i|nterface|
|00005090| 73 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 53 | 4c 49 50 20 6f 72 0a 50 |s like S|LIP or.P|
|000050a0| 50 50 2e 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 69 6e 74 65 72 66 61 |PP.  The| interfa|
|000050b0| 63 65 73 20 64 6f 20 6e | 6f 74 20 6e 65 65 64 20 |ces do n|ot need |
|000050c0| 74 6f 20 62 65 20 61 74 | 74 61 63 68 65 64 20 74 |to be at|tached t|
|000050d0| 6f 20 61 6e 79 74 68 69 | 6e 67 2e 20 54 68 65 79 |o anythi|ng. They|
|000050e0| 20 6a 75 73 74 0a 6e 65 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 62 65 | just.ne|ed to be|
|000050f0| 20 75 70 20 61 6e 64 20 | 74 6f 20 62 65 20 61 73 | up and |to be as|
|00005100| 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 61 | 20 73 75 69 74 61 62 6c |signed a| suitabl|
|00005110| 65 20 69 6e 74 65 72 6e | 65 74 20 61 64 64 72 65 |e intern|et addre|
|00005120| 73 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6d | 61 73 6b 2e 0a 0a 57 69 |ss and m|ask...Wi|
|00005130| 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 73 |th the w|rapper s|
|00005140| 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 2c | 20 60 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e |oftware,| `daemon|
|00005150| 40 68 6f 73 74 27 20 61 | 63 63 65 73 73 20 63 6f |@host' a|ccess co|
|00005160| 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 70 61 | 74 74 65 72 6e 73 20 63 |ntrol pa|tterns c|
|00005170| 61 6e 20 62 65 0a 75 73 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 64 69 |an be.us|ed to di|
|00005180| 73 74 69 6e 67 75 69 73 | 68 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 |stinguis|h reques|
|00005190| 74 73 20 62 79 20 74 68 | 65 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 |ts by th|e networ|
|000051a0| 6b 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 |k addres|s that t|
|000051b0| 68 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 | 61 69 6d 65 64 0a 61 74 |hey are |aimed.at|
|000051c0| 2e 20 20 4a 75 64 69 63 | 69 6f 75 73 20 75 73 65 |.  Judic|ious use|
|000051d0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 60 74 77 69 73 74 27 20 | of the |`twist' |
|000051e0| 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 28 | 73 65 65 20 74 68 65 20 |option (|see the |
|000051f0| 68 6f 73 74 73 5f 6f 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 35 20 |hosts_op|tions.5 |
|00005200| 66 69 6c 65 2c 0a 60 6e | 72 6f 66 66 20 2d 6d 61 |file,.`n|roff -ma|
|00005210| 6e 27 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 | 74 29 20 63 61 6e 20 67 |n' forma|t) can g|
|00005220| 75 69 64 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 |uide the| request|
|00005230| 73 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 20 72 69 67 68 74 20 73 |s to the| right s|
|00005240| 65 72 76 65 72 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 73 65 0a 63 61 |erver.  |These.ca|
|00005250| 6e 20 62 65 20 73 65 72 | 76 65 72 73 20 74 68 61 |n be ser|vers tha|
|00005260| 74 20 6c 69 76 65 20 69 | 6e 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 |t live i|n separa|
|00005270| 74 65 20 63 68 72 6f 6f | 74 20 61 72 65 61 73 2c |te chroo|t areas,|
|00005280| 20 6f 72 20 73 65 72 76 | 65 72 73 20 6d 6f 64 69 | or serv|ers modi|
|00005290| 66 69 65 64 0a 74 6f 20 | 74 61 6b 65 20 61 64 64 |fied.to |take add|
|000052a0| 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 | 63 6f 6e 74 65 78 74 20 |itional |context |
|000052b0| 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 |from the| command|
|000052c0| 20 6c 69 6e 65 2c 20 6f | 72 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 62 | line, o|r a comb|
|000052d0| 69 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e | 0a 0a 41 6e 6f 74 68 65 |ination.|..Anothe|
|000052e0| 72 20 77 61 79 20 69 73 | 20 74 6f 20 6d 6f 64 69 |r way is| to modi|
|000052f0| 66 79 20 67 6f 70 68 65 | 72 20 6f 72 20 77 77 77 |fy gophe|r or www|
|00005300| 20 6c 69 73 74 65 6e 65 | 72 73 20 73 6f 20 74 68 | listene|rs so th|
|00005310| 61 74 20 74 68 65 79 20 | 62 69 6e 64 20 74 6f 0a |at they |bind to.|
|00005320| 6f 6e 6c 79 20 6f 6e 65 | 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 |only one| specifi|
|00005330| 63 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 | 6b 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 |c networ|k addres|
|00005340| 73 2e 20 4d 75 6c 74 69 | 70 6c 65 20 67 6f 70 68 |s. Multi|ple goph|
|00005350| 65 72 20 6f 72 20 77 77 | 77 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 |er or ww|w server|
|00005360| 73 20 63 61 6e 0a 74 68 | 65 6e 20 62 65 20 72 75 |s can.th|en be ru|
|00005370| 6e 20 73 69 64 65 20 62 | 79 20 73 69 64 65 2c 20 |n side b|y side, |
|00005380| 65 61 63 68 20 74 61 6b | 69 6e 67 20 72 65 71 75 |each tak|ing requ|
|00005390| 65 73 74 73 20 73 65 6e | 74 20 74 6f 20 69 74 73 |ests sen|t to its|
|000053a0| 20 72 65 73 70 65 63 74 | 69 76 65 0a 6e 65 74 77 | respect|ive.netw|
|000053b0| 6f 72 6b 20 61 64 64 72 | 65 73 73 2e 0a 0a 34 2e |ork addr|ess...4.|
|000053c0| 37 20 2d 20 42 61 6e 6e | 65 72 20 6d 65 73 73 61 |7 - Bann|er messa|
|000053d0| 67 65 73 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |ges.----|--------|
|000053e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 0a 0a 53 6f 6d 65 20 |--------|-..Some |
|000053f0| 73 69 74 65 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 |sites ar|e requir|
|00005400| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 70 72 | 65 73 65 6e 74 20 61 6e |ed to pr|esent an|
|00005410| 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 6d | informa|tional m|
|00005420| 65 73 73 61 67 65 20 74 | 6f 20 75 73 65 72 73 0a |essage t|o users.|
|00005430| 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 74 | 68 65 79 20 61 74 74 65 |before t|hey atte|
|00005440| 6d 70 74 20 74 6f 20 6c | 6f 67 69 6e 2e 20 20 42 |mpt to l|ogin.  B|
|00005450| 61 6e 6e 65 72 20 6d 65 | 73 73 61 67 65 73 20 63 |anner me|ssages c|
|00005460| 61 6e 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 | 62 65 20 75 73 65 66 75 |an also |be usefu|
|00005470| 6c 20 77 68 65 6e 0a 64 | 65 6e 79 69 6e 67 20 73 |l when.d|enying s|
|00005480| 65 72 76 69 63 65 3a 20 | 20 69 6e 73 74 65 61 64 |ervice: | instead|
|00005490| 20 6f 66 20 73 69 6d 70 | 6c 79 20 64 72 6f 70 70 | of simp|ly dropp|
|000054a0| 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 |ing the |connecti|
|000054b0| 6f 6e 20 61 20 70 6f 6c | 69 74 65 0a 65 78 70 6c |on a pol|ite.expl|
|000054c0| 61 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 69 73 20 67 69 76 65 6e |anation |is given|
|000054d0| 20 66 69 72 73 74 2e 20 | 46 69 6e 61 6c 6c 79 2c | first. |Finally,|
|000054e0| 20 62 61 6e 6e 65 72 73 | 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 | banners| can be |
|000054f0| 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 67 69 76 65 20 79 6f 75 |used to |give you|
|00005500| 72 0a 73 79 73 74 65 6d | 20 61 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 |r.system| a more |
|00005510| 70 65 72 73 6f 6e 61 6c | 20 74 6f 75 63 68 2e 0a |personal| touch..|
|00005520| 0a 54 68 65 20 77 72 61 | 70 70 65 72 20 73 6f 66 |.The wra|pper sof|
|00005530| 74 77 61 72 65 20 70 72 | 6f 76 69 64 65 73 20 65 |tware pr|ovides e|
|00005540| 61 73 79 2d 74 6f 2d 75 | 73 65 20 74 6f 6f 6c 73 |asy-to-u|se tools|
|00005550| 20 74 6f 20 67 65 6e 65 | 72 61 74 65 20 70 72 65 | to gene|rate pre|
|00005560| 2d 6c 6f 67 69 6e 0a 62 | 61 6e 6e 65 72 73 20 66 |-login.b|anners f|
|00005570| 6f 72 20 66 74 70 2c 20 | 74 65 6c 6e 65 74 2c 20 |or ftp, |telnet, |
|00005580| 72 6c 6f 67 69 6e 20 65 | 74 63 2e 20 66 72 6f 6d |rlogin e|tc. from|
|00005590| 20 61 20 73 69 6e 67 6c | 65 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 74 | a singl|e protot|
|000055a0| 79 70 65 20 62 61 6e 6e | 65 72 0a 74 65 78 74 66 |ype bann|er.textf|
|000055b0| 69 6c 65 2e 20 20 44 65 | 74 61 69 6c 73 20 6f 6e |ile.  De|tails on|
|000055c0| 20 62 61 6e 6e 65 72 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 6e 2d | banners| and on-|
|000055d0| 74 68 65 2d 66 6c 79 20 | 25 3c 6c 65 74 74 65 72 |the-fly |%<letter|
|000055e0| 3e 20 65 78 70 61 6e 73 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 |> expans|ions are|
|000055f0| 0a 67 69 76 65 6e 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 68 6f |.given i|n the ho|
|00005600| 73 74 73 5f 6f 70 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 2e 35 20 6d 61 |sts_opti|ons.5 ma|
|00005610| 6e 75 61 6c 20 70 61 67 | 65 20 28 60 6e 72 6f 66 |nual pag|e (`nrof|
|00005620| 66 20 2d 6d 61 6e 27 20 | 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 29 2e |f -man' |format).|
|00005630| 20 41 6e 0a 65 78 61 6d | 70 6c 65 20 69 73 20 67 | An.exam|ple is g|
|00005640| 69 76 65 6e 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 |iven in |the file|
|00005650| 20 42 61 6e 6e 65 72 73 | 2e 4d 61 6b 65 66 69 6c | Banners|.Makefil|
|00005660| 65 2e 0a 0a 49 6e 20 6f | 72 64 65 72 20 74 6f 20 |e...In o|rder to |
|00005670| 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 20 | 62 61 6e 6e 65 72 20 6d |support |banner m|
|00005680| 65 73 73 61 67 65 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 77 72 61 70 |essages |the wrap|
|00005690| 70 65 72 73 20 68 61 76 | 65 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 |pers hav|e to be |
|000056a0| 62 75 69 6c 74 20 77 69 | 74 68 0a 6c 61 6e 67 75 |built wi|th.langu|
|000056b0| 61 67 65 20 65 78 74 65 | 6e 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 65 |age exte|nsions e|
|000056c0| 6e 61 62 6c 65 64 2e 20 | 53 65 65 20 74 68 65 20 |nabled. |See the |
|000056d0| 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 6e 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 |section |on langu|
|000056e0| 61 67 65 20 65 78 74 65 | 6e 73 69 6f 6e 73 2e 0a |age exte|nsions..|
|000056f0| 0a 34 2e 38 20 2d 20 53 | 65 71 75 65 6e 63 65 20 |.4.8 - S|equence |
|00005700| 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 67 | 75 65 73 73 69 6e 67 0a |number g|uessing.|
|00005710| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005720| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a |--------|------..|
|00005730| 52 65 63 65 6e 74 6c 79 | 2c 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d |Recently|, system|
|00005740| 73 20 63 61 6d 65 20 75 | 6e 64 65 72 20 61 74 74 |s came u|nder att|
|00005750| 61 63 6b 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 69 6e 74 72 75 64 65 |ack from| intrude|
|00005760| 72 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 65 78 70 6c 6f 69 74 65 |rs that |exploite|
|00005770| 64 20 61 0a 77 65 6c 6c | 2d 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 77 |d a.well|-known w|
|00005780| 65 61 6b 6e 65 73 73 20 | 69 6e 20 54 43 50 2f 49 |eakness |in TCP/I|
|00005790| 50 20 73 65 71 75 65 6e | 63 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 |P sequen|ce numbe|
|000057a0| 72 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 | 74 6f 72 73 2e 20 20 54 |r genera|tors.  T|
|000057b0| 68 69 73 0a 77 65 61 6b | 6e 65 73 73 20 61 6c 6c |his.weak|ness all|
|000057c0| 6f 77 73 20 69 6e 74 72 | 75 64 65 72 73 20 74 6f |ows intr|uders to|
|000057d0| 20 69 6d 70 65 72 73 6f | 6e 61 74 65 20 74 72 75 | imperso|nate tru|
|000057e0| 73 74 65 64 20 68 6f 73 | 74 73 2e 20 42 72 65 61 |sted hos|ts. Brea|
|000057f0| 6b 2d 69 6e 73 20 68 61 | 76 65 0a 62 65 65 6e 20 |k-ins ha|ve.been |
|00005800| 72 65 70 6f 72 74 65 64 | 20 76 69 61 20 74 68 65 |reported| via the|
|00005810| 20 72 73 68 20 73 65 72 | 76 69 63 65 2e 20 49 6e | rsh ser|vice. In|
|00005820| 20 66 61 63 74 2c 20 61 | 6e 79 20 6e 65 74 77 6f | fact, a|ny netwo|
|00005830| 72 6b 20 73 65 72 76 69 | 63 65 20 63 61 6e 20 62 |rk servi|ce can b|
|00005840| 65 0a 65 78 70 6c 6f 69 | 74 65 64 20 74 68 61 74 |e.exploi|ted that|
|00005850| 20 74 72 75 73 74 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 6c 69 65 | trusts |the clie|
|00005860| 6e 74 20 68 6f 73 74 20 | 6e 61 6d 65 20 6f 72 20 |nt host |name or |
|00005870| 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 2e | 0a 0a 41 20 6c 6f 6e 67 |address.|..A long|
|00005880| 2d 74 65 72 6d 20 73 6f | 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 |-term so|lution i|
|00005890| 73 20 74 6f 20 73 74 6f | 70 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 |s to sto|p using |
|000058a0| 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 | 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 73 |network |services|
|000058b0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 72 | 75 73 74 20 74 68 65 0a | that tr|ust the.|
|000058c0| 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 68 | 6f 73 74 20 6e 61 6d 65 |client h|ost name|
|000058d0| 20 6f 72 20 61 64 64 72 | 65 73 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 | or addr|ess, and|
|000058e0| 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 20 | 64 61 74 61 20 65 6e 63 | to use |data enc|
|000058f0| 72 79 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 69 6e 73 74 65 61 64 2e |ryption |instead.|
|00005900| 0a 0a 41 20 73 68 6f 72 | 74 2d 74 65 72 6d 20 73 |..A shor|t-term s|
|00005910| 6f 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e 2c | 20 61 73 20 6f 75 74 6c |olution,| as outl|
|00005920| 69 6e 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | 69 6e 20 43 45 52 54 20 |ined in |in CERT |
|00005930| 61 64 76 69 73 6f 72 79 | 20 43 41 2d 39 35 3a 30 |advisory| CA-95:0|
|00005940| 31 2c 20 69 73 20 74 6f | 0a 63 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 |1, is to|.configu|
|00005950| 72 65 20 6e 65 74 77 6f | 72 6b 20 72 6f 75 74 65 |re netwo|rk route|
|00005960| 72 73 20 73 6f 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 74 68 65 79 20 |rs so th|at they |
|00005970| 64 69 73 63 61 72 64 20 | 64 61 74 61 67 72 61 6d |discard |datagram|
|00005980| 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 22 | 6f 75 74 73 69 64 65 22 |s from "|outside"|
|00005990| 0a 77 69 74 68 20 61 6e | 20 22 69 6e 73 69 64 65 |.with an| "inside|
|000059a0| 22 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 | 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 |" source| address|
|000059b0| 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 61 | 70 70 72 6f 61 63 68 20 |. This a|pproach |
|000059c0| 69 73 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 | 66 72 75 69 74 66 75 6c |is most |fruitful|
|000059d0| 20 77 68 65 6e 0a 79 6f | 75 20 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 | when.yo|u do not|
|000059e0| 20 74 72 75 73 74 20 61 | 6e 79 20 68 6f 73 74 73 | trust a|ny hosts|
|000059f0| 20 6f 75 74 73 69 64 65 | 20 79 6f 75 72 20 6c 6f | outside| your lo|
|00005a00| 63 61 6c 20 6e 65 74 77 | 6f 72 6b 2e 0a 0a 54 68 |cal netw|ork...Th|
|00005a10| 65 20 49 44 45 4e 54 20 | 28 52 46 43 39 33 31 20 |e IDENT |(RFC931 |
|00005a20| 65 74 63 2e 29 20 63 6c | 69 65 6e 74 20 75 73 65 |etc.) cl|ient use|
|00005a30| 72 6e 61 6d 65 20 6c 6f | 6f 6b 75 70 20 70 72 6f |rname lo|okup pro|
|00005a40| 74 6f 63 6f 6c 20 63 61 | 6e 20 68 65 6c 70 20 74 |tocol ca|n help t|
|00005a50| 6f 0a 64 65 74 65 63 74 | 20 68 6f 73 74 20 69 6d |o.detect| host im|
|00005a60| 70 65 72 73 6f 6e 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 61 74 74 61 |personat|ion atta|
|00005a70| 63 6b 73 2e 20 20 42 65 | 66 6f 72 65 20 61 63 63 |cks.  Be|fore acc|
|00005a80| 65 70 74 69 6e 67 20 61 | 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 |epting a| client |
|00005a90| 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 2c | 0a 74 68 65 20 77 72 61 |request,|.the wra|
|00005aa0| 70 70 65 72 73 20 63 61 | 6e 20 71 75 65 72 79 20 |ppers ca|n query |
|00005ab0| 74 68 65 20 63 6c 69 65 | 6e 74 27 73 20 49 44 45 |the clie|nt's IDE|
|00005ac0| 4e 54 20 73 65 72 76 65 | 72 20 61 6e 64 20 66 69 |NT serve|r and fi|
|00005ad0| 6e 64 20 6f 75 74 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 0a |nd out t|hat the.|
|00005ae0| 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 6e | 65 76 65 72 20 73 65 6e |client n|ever sen|
|00005af0| 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 72 | 65 71 75 65 73 74 2e 0a |t that r|equest..|
|00005b00| 0a 57 68 65 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 |.When th|e client|
|00005b10| 20 68 6f 73 74 20 70 72 | 6f 76 69 64 65 73 20 49 | host pr|ovides I|
|00005b20| 44 45 4e 54 20 73 65 72 | 76 69 63 65 2c 20 61 20 |DENT ser|vice, a |
|00005b30| 6e 65 67 61 74 69 76 65 | 20 49 44 45 4e 54 20 6c |negative| IDENT l|
|00005b40| 6f 6f 6b 75 70 0a 72 65 | 73 75 6c 74 20 28 74 68 |ookup.re|sult (th|
|00005b50| 65 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 | 20 6d 61 74 63 68 65 73 |e client| matches|
|00005b60| 20 60 55 4e 4b 4e 4f 57 | 4e 40 68 6f 73 74 27 29 | `UNKNOW|N@host')|
|00005b70| 20 69 73 20 73 74 72 6f | 6e 67 20 65 76 69 64 65 | is stro|ng evide|
|00005b80| 6e 63 65 20 6f 66 20 61 | 20 68 6f 73 74 0a 69 6d |nce of a| host.im|
|00005b90| 70 65 72 73 6f 6e 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 61 74 74 61 |personat|ion atta|
|00005ba0| 63 6b 2e 0a 0a 41 20 70 | 6f 73 69 74 69 76 65 20 |ck...A p|ositive |
|00005bb0| 49 44 45 4e 54 20 6c 6f | 6f 6b 75 70 20 72 65 73 |IDENT lo|okup res|
|00005bc0| 75 6c 74 20 28 74 68 65 | 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 |ult (the| client |
|00005bd0| 6d 61 74 63 68 65 73 20 | 60 4b 4e 4f 57 4e 40 68 |matches |`KNOWN@h|
|00005be0| 6f 73 74 27 29 20 69 73 | 0a 6c 65 73 73 20 74 72 |ost') is|.less tr|
|00005bf0| 75 73 74 77 6f 72 74 68 | 79 2e 20 20 49 74 20 69 |ustworth|y.  It i|
|00005c00| 73 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 | 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 20 61 |s possib|le for a|
|00005c10| 6e 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b | 65 72 20 74 6f 20 73 70 |n attack|er to sp|
|00005c20| 6f 6f 66 20 62 6f 74 68 | 20 74 68 65 0a 63 6c 69 |oof both| the.cli|
|00005c30| 65 6e 74 20 72 65 71 75 | 65 73 74 20 61 6e 64 20 |ent requ|est and |
|00005c40| 74 68 65 20 49 44 45 4e | 54 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 70 |the IDEN|T lookup|
|00005c50| 20 63 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 6c 74 | connect|ion, alt|
|00005c60| 68 6f 75 67 68 20 64 6f | 69 6e 67 20 73 6f 0a 73 |hough do|ing so.s|
|00005c70| 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 | 20 6d 75 63 68 20 68 61 |hould be| much ha|
|00005c80| 72 64 65 72 20 74 68 61 | 6e 20 73 70 6f 6f 66 69 |rder tha|n spoofi|
|00005c90| 6e 67 20 6a 75 73 74 20 | 61 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 |ng just |a client|
|00005ca0| 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 | 2e 20 41 6e 6f 74 68 65 | request|. Anothe|
|00005cb0| 72 0a 70 6f 73 73 69 62 | 69 6c 69 74 79 20 69 73 |r.possib|ility is|
|00005cc0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 | that th|e client|
|00005cd0| 27 73 20 49 44 45 4e 54 | 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 20 |'s IDENT| server |
|00005ce0| 69 73 20 6c 79 69 6e 67 | 2e 0a 0a 43 6c 69 65 6e |is lying|...Clien|
|00005cf0| 74 20 75 73 65 72 6e 61 | 6d 65 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 |t userna|me looku|
|00005d00| 70 73 20 61 72 65 20 64 | 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 64 |ps are d|escribed|
|00005d10| 20 69 6e 20 6d 6f 72 65 | 20 64 65 74 61 69 6c 20 | in more| detail |
|00005d20| 69 6e 20 61 20 70 72 65 | 76 69 6f 75 73 0a 73 65 |in a pre|vious.se|
|00005d30| 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 50 | 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 73 20 |ction. P|ointers |
|00005d40| 74 6f 20 49 44 45 4e 54 | 20 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 |to IDENT| daemon |
|00005d50| 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 | 20 61 72 65 20 64 65 73 |software| are des|
|00005d60| 63 72 69 62 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 65 |cribed i|n the se|
|00005d70| 63 74 69 6f 6e 0a 6f 6e | 20 72 65 6c 61 74 65 64 |ction.on| related|
|00005d80| 20 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 | 65 2e 0a 0a 35 20 2d 20 | softwar|e...5 - |
|00005d90| 4f 74 68 65 72 20 77 6f | 72 6b 73 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d |Other wo|rks.----|
|00005da0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a 35 2e 31 |--------|---..5.1|
|00005db0| 20 2d 20 52 65 6c 61 74 | 65 64 20 64 6f 63 75 6d | - Relat|ed docum|
|00005dc0| 65 6e 74 73 0a 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |ents.---|--------|
|00005dd0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a 54 68 |--------|----..Th|
|00005de0| 65 20 77 61 72 20 73 74 | 6f 72 79 20 62 65 68 69 |e war st|ory behi|
|00005df0| 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 74 | 63 70 20 77 72 61 70 70 |nd the t|cp wrapp|
|00005e00| 65 72 20 74 6f 6f 6c 73 | 20 69 73 20 64 65 73 63 |er tools| is desc|
|00005e10| 72 69 62 65 64 20 69 6e | 3a 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 57 |ribed in|:..    W|
|00005e20| 2e 5a 2e 20 56 65 6e 65 | 6d 61 2c 20 22 54 43 50 |.Z. Vene|ma, "TCP|
|00005e30| 20 57 52 41 50 50 45 52 | 2c 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 | WRAPPER|, networ|
|00005e40| 6b 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f | 72 69 6e 67 2c 20 61 63 |k monito|ring, ac|
|00005e50| 63 65 73 73 20 63 6f 6e | 74 72 6f 6c 20 61 6e 64 |cess con|trol and|
|00005e60| 0a 20 20 20 20 62 6f 6f | 62 79 20 74 72 61 70 73 |.    boo|by traps|
|00005e70| 22 2c 20 55 4e 49 58 20 | 53 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 |", UNIX |Security|
|00005e80| 20 53 79 6d 70 6f 73 69 | 75 6d 20 49 49 49 20 50 | Symposi|um III P|
|00005e90| 72 6f 63 65 65 64 69 6e | 67 73 20 28 42 61 6c 74 |roceedin|gs (Balt|
|00005ea0| 69 6d 6f 72 65 29 2c 0a | 20 20 20 20 53 65 70 74 |imore),.|    Sept|
|00005eb0| 65 6d 62 65 72 20 31 39 | 39 32 2e 20 0a 0a 20 20 |ember 19|92. ..  |
|00005ec0| 20 20 66 74 70 2e 77 69 | 6e 2e 74 75 65 2e 6e 6c |  ftp.wi|n.tue.nl|
|00005ed0| 3a 2f 70 75 62 2f 73 65 | 63 75 72 69 74 79 2f 74 |:/pub/se|curity/t|
|00005ee0| 63 70 5f 77 72 61 70 70 | 65 72 2e 70 73 2e 5a 20 |cp_wrapp|er.ps.Z |
|00005ef0| 28 70 6f 73 74 73 63 72 | 69 70 74 29 0a 20 20 20 |(postscr|ipt).   |
|00005f00| 20 66 74 70 2e 77 69 6e | 2e 74 75 65 2e 6e 6c 3a | ftp.win|.tue.nl:|
|00005f10| 2f 70 75 62 2f 73 65 63 | 75 72 69 74 79 2f 74 63 |/pub/sec|urity/tc|
|00005f20| 70 5f 77 72 61 70 70 65 | 72 2e 74 78 74 2e 5a 20 |p_wrappe|r.txt.Z |
|00005f30| 28 66 6c 61 74 20 74 65 | 78 74 29 0a 0a 54 68 65 |(flat te|xt)..The|
|00005f40| 20 73 61 6d 65 20 63 72 | 61 63 6b 65 72 20 69 73 | same cr|acker is|
|00005f50| 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 64 65 | 73 63 72 69 62 65 64 20 | also de|scribed |
|00005f60| 69 6e 3a 0a 0a 20 20 20 | 20 57 2e 52 2e 20 43 68 |in:..   | W.R. Ch|
|00005f70| 65 73 77 69 63 6b 2c 20 | 22 41 6e 20 45 76 65 6e |eswick, |"An Even|
|00005f80| 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 42 65 72 66 65 72 64 |ing with| Berferd|
|00005f90| 2c 20 49 6e 20 57 68 69 | 63 68 20 61 20 43 72 61 |, In Whi|ch a Cra|
|00005fa0| 63 6b 65 72 20 69 73 0a | 20 20 20 20 4c 75 72 65 |cker is.|    Lure|
|00005fb0| 64 2c 20 45 6e 64 75 72 | 65 64 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |d, Endur|ed, and |
|00005fc0| 53 74 75 64 69 65 64 22 | 2c 20 50 72 6f 63 65 65 |Studied"|, Procee|
|00005fd0| 64 69 6e 67 73 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 57 69 6e |dings of| the Win|
|00005fe0| 74 65 72 20 55 53 45 4e | 49 58 0a 20 20 20 20 43 |ter USEN|IX.    C|
|00005ff0| 6f 6e 66 65 72 65 6e 63 | 65 20 28 53 61 6e 20 46 |onferenc|e (San F|
|00006000| 72 61 6e 63 69 73 63 6f | 29 2c 20 4a 61 6e 75 61 |rancisco|), Janua|
|00006010| 72 79 20 31 39 39 32 2e | 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 72 65 |ry 1992.|..    re|
|00006020| 73 65 61 72 63 68 2e 61 | 74 74 2e 63 6f 6d 3a 2f |search.a|tt.com:/|
|00006030| 64 69 73 74 2f 69 6e 74 | 65 72 6e 65 74 5f 73 65 |dist/int|ernet_se|
|00006040| 63 75 72 69 74 79 2f 62 | 65 72 66 65 72 64 2e 70 |curity/b|erferd.p|
|00006050| 73 0a 0a 41 6e 20 75 70 | 64 61 74 65 64 20 76 65 |s..An up|dated ve|
|00006060| 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 74 |rsion of| the lat|
|00006070| 74 65 72 20 70 61 70 65 | 72 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 |ter pape|r appear|
|00006080| 65 64 20 69 6e 3a 0a 0a | 20 20 20 20 57 2e 52 2e |ed in:..|    W.R.|
|00006090| 20 43 68 65 73 77 69 63 | 6b 2c 20 53 2e 4d 2e 20 | Cheswic|k, S.M. |
|000060a0| 42 65 6c 6c 6f 76 69 6e | 2c 20 22 46 69 72 65 77 |Bellovin|, "Firew|
|000060b0| 61 6c 6c 73 20 61 6e 64 | 20 49 6e 74 65 72 6e 65 |alls and| Interne|
|000060c0| 74 20 53 65 63 75 72 69 | 74 79 22 2c 0a 20 20 20 |t Securi|ty",.   |
|000060d0| 20 41 64 64 69 73 6f 6e | 2d 57 65 73 6c 65 79 2c | Addison|-Wesley,|
|000060e0| 20 31 39 39 34 2e 0a 0a | 44 69 73 63 75 73 73 69 | 1994...|Discussi|
|000060f0| 6f 6e 73 20 6f 6e 20 69 | 6e 74 65 72 6e 65 74 20 |ons on i|nternet |
|00006100| 66 69 72 65 77 61 6c 6c | 73 20 61 72 65 20 61 72 |firewall|s are ar|
|00006110| 63 68 69 76 65 64 20 6f | 6e 20 66 74 70 2e 67 72 |chived o|n ftp.gr|
|00006120| 65 61 74 63 69 72 63 6c | 65 2e 63 6f 6d 2e 0a 53 |eatcircl|e.com..S|
|00006130| 75 62 73 63 72 69 62 65 | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 |ubscribe| to the |
|00006140| 6d 61 69 6c 69 6e 67 20 | 6c 69 73 74 20 62 79 20 |mailing |list by |
|00006150| 73 65 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 | 61 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 |sending |a messag|
|00006160| 65 20 74 6f 20 0a 0a 20 | 20 20 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 |e to .. |   major|
|00006170| 64 6f 6d 6f 40 67 72 65 | 61 74 63 69 72 63 6c 65 |domo@gre|atcircle|
|00006180| 2e 63 6f 6d 0a 0a 57 69 | 74 68 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |.com..Wi|th in th|
|00006190| 65 20 62 6f 64 79 20 28 | 6e 6f 74 20 73 75 62 6a |e body (|not subj|
|000061a0| 65 63 74 29 3a 20 73 75 | 62 73 63 72 69 62 65 20 |ect): su|bscribe |
|000061b0| 66 69 72 65 77 61 6c 6c | 73 2e 0a 0a 35 2e 32 20 |firewall|s...5.2 |
|000061c0| 2d 20 52 65 6c 61 74 65 | 64 20 73 6f 66 74 77 61 |- Relate|d softwa|
|000061d0| 72 65 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |re.-----|--------|
|000061e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 0a 0a 4e 65 74 77 6f |--------|-..Netwo|
|000061f0| 72 6b 20 64 61 65 6d 6f | 6e 73 20 65 74 63 2e 20 |rk daemo|ns etc. |
|00006200| 77 69 74 68 20 65 6e 68 | 61 6e 63 65 64 20 6c 6f |with enh|anced lo|
|00006210| 67 67 69 6e 67 20 63 61 | 70 61 62 69 6c 69 74 69 |gging ca|pabiliti|
|00006220| 65 73 20 63 61 6e 20 67 | 65 6e 65 72 61 74 65 0a |es can g|enerate.|
|00006230| 6d 61 73 73 69 76 65 20 | 61 6d 6f 75 6e 74 73 20 |massive |amounts |
|00006240| 6f 66 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 |of infor|mation: |
|00006250| 6f 75 72 20 31 35 30 2b | 20 77 6f 72 6b 73 74 61 |our 150+| worksta|
|00006260| 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 67 65 | 6e 65 72 61 74 65 20 73 |tions ge|nerate s|
|00006270| 65 76 65 72 61 6c 0a 68 | 75 6e 64 72 65 64 20 6b |everal.h|undred k|
|00006280| 62 79 74 65 73 20 65 61 | 63 68 20 64 61 79 2e 20 |bytes ea|ch day. |
|00006290| 65 67 72 65 70 2d 62 61 | 73 65 64 20 66 69 6c 74 |egrep-ba|sed filt|
|000062a0| 65 72 73 20 63 61 6e 20 | 68 65 6c 70 20 74 6f 20 |ers can |help to |
|000062b0| 73 75 70 70 72 65 73 73 | 20 73 6f 6d 65 0a 6f 66 |suppress| some.of|
|000062c0| 20 74 68 65 20 6e 6f 69 | 73 65 2e 20 20 41 20 6d | the noi|se.  A m|
|000062d0| 6f 72 65 20 70 6f 77 65 | 72 66 75 6c 20 74 6f 6f |ore powe|rful too|
|000062e0| 6c 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 53 77 61 74 63 68 20 |l is the| Swatch |
|000062f0| 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 69 | 6e 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 |monitori|ng syste|
|00006300| 6d 20 62 79 0a 53 74 65 | 70 68 65 6e 20 45 2e 20 |m by.Ste|phen E. |
|00006310| 48 61 6e 73 65 6e 20 61 | 6e 64 20 45 2e 20 54 6f |Hansen a|nd E. To|
|00006320| 64 64 20 41 74 6b 69 6e | 73 2e 20 53 77 61 74 63 |dd Atkin|s. Swatc|
|00006330| 68 20 63 61 6e 20 70 72 | 6f 63 65 73 73 20 6c 6f |h can pr|ocess lo|
|00006340| 67 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 | 69 6e 0a 72 65 61 6c 20 |g files |in.real |
|00006350| 74 69 6d 65 20 61 6e 64 | 20 63 61 6e 20 61 73 73 |time and| can ass|
|00006360| 6f 63 69 61 74 65 20 61 | 72 62 69 74 72 61 72 79 |ociate a|rbitrary|
|00006370| 20 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 70 61 | actions| with pa|
|00006380| 74 74 65 72 6e 73 3b 20 | 69 74 73 0a 61 70 70 6c |tterns; |its.appl|
|00006390| 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 61 72 65 20 62 79 20 |ications| are by |
|000063a0| 6e 6f 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 | 20 72 65 73 74 72 69 63 |no means| restric|
|000063b0| 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 73 | 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 2e |ted to s|ecurity.|
|000063c0| 20 20 53 77 61 74 63 68 | 20 69 73 0a 61 76 61 69 |  Swatch| is.avai|
|000063d0| 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 66 72 | 6f 6d 20 73 69 65 72 72 |lable fr|om sierr|
|000063e0| 61 2e 73 74 61 6e 66 6f | 72 64 2e 65 64 75 2c 20 |a.stanfo|rd.edu, |
|000063f0| 64 69 72 65 63 74 6f 72 | 79 20 2f 70 75 62 2f 73 |director|y /pub/s|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
Only 25.0 KB of data is shown above.